{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:56:12Z","timestamp":1767830172731,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC1504703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1504703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Using advanced Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) with small baseline subsets (SBAS) and Permanent Scatter Interferometry (PSI) techniques and C-band Sentinel-1A data, this research monitored the surface displacement of a large old landslide at Xuecheng town, Lixian County, Sichuan Province, China. Based on the MassMov2D model, the effect of the dynamic process and deposit thickness of the potentially unstable rock mass (deformation rate &lt; \u221270 mm\/year) on this landslide body were numerically simulated. Combined with terrain data and images generated by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), the driving factors of this old landslide were analyzed. The InSAR results show that the motion rate in the middle part of the landslide body is the largest, with a range of \u221255 to \u221280 mm\/year on average, whereas those of the upper part and toe area were small, with a range of \u22125 to \u221220 mm\/year. Our research suggests that there is a correlation between the LOS (line of sight) deformation rate and rainfall. In rainy seasons, particularly from May to July, the deformation rate is relatively high. In addition, the analysis suggests that SBAS can provide smoother displacement time series, even in areas with vegetation and the steepest sectors of the landslide. The simulation results show that the unstable rock mass may collapse and form a barrier dam with a maximum thickness of about 16 m at the Zagunao river in the future. This study demonstrates that combining temporal UAV measurements and InSAR techniques from Sentinel-1A SAR data allows early recognition and deformation monitoring of old landslide reactivation in complex mountainous areas. In addition, the information provided by InSAR can increase understanding of the deformation process of old landslides in this area, which would enhance urban safety and assist in disaster mitigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13132552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T22:39:43Z","timestamp":1625006383000},"page":"2552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A Large Old Landslide in Sichuan Province, China: Surface Displacement Monitoring and Potential Instability Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9207-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3956-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Xiwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Aichun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-016-0723-5","article-title":"The combined use of PSInSAR and UAV photogrammetry techniques for the analysis of the kinematics of a coastal landslide affecting an urban area (SE Spain)","volume":"14","author":"Mateos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2014.11.031","article-title":"Landslide deformation monitoring with ALOS\/PALSAR imagery: A D-InSAR geomorphological interpretation method","volume":"231","author":"Doubre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7504","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JB017560","article-title":"Mobility, thickness, and hydraulic diffusivity of the slow-moving monroe landslide in California revealed by L-Band satellite radar interferometry","volume":"124","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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