{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T09:42:18Z","timestamp":1785058938575,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":239,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Replanting trees helps with avoiding desertification, reducing the chances of soil erosion and flooding, minimizing the risks of zoonotic disease outbreaks, and providing ecosystem services and livelihood to the indigenous people, in addition to sequestering carbon dioxide for mitigating climate change. Consequently, it is important to explore new methods and technologies that are aiming to upscale and fast-track afforestation and reforestation (A\/R) endeavors, given that many of the current tree planting strategies are not cost effective over large landscapes, and suffer from constraints associated with time, energy, manpower, and nursery-based seedling production. UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle)-supported seed sowing (UAVsSS) can promote rapid A\/R in a safe, cost-effective, fast and environmentally friendly manner, if performed correctly, even in otherwise unsafe and\/or inaccessible terrains, supplementing the overall manual planting efforts globally. In this study, we reviewed the recent literature on UAVsSS, to analyze the current status of the technology. Primary UAVsSS applications were found to be in areas of post-wildfire reforestation, mangrove restoration, forest restoration after degradation, weed eradication, and desert greening. Nonetheless, low survival rates of the seeds, future forest diversity, weather limitations, financial constraints, and seed-firing accuracy concerns were determined as major challenges to operationalization. Based on our literature survey and qualitative analysis, twelve recommendations\u2014ranging from the need for publishing germination results to linking UAVsSS operations with carbon offset markets\u2014are provided for the advancement of UAVsSS applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13132596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T10:06:34Z","timestamp":1625220394000},"page":"2596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["UAV-Supported Forest Regeneration: Current Trends, Challenges and Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Midhun","family":"Mohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of California\u2014Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA"},{"name":"United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae 00411, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae 00411, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopika","family":"Gopan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae 00411, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew Mehdi","family":"Aghai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DroneSeed Co., 1123 NW 51st Street, Seattle, WA 25198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaurya","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae 00411, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6527-9722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. A. Pabodha","family":"Galgamuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae 00411, Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"The Nature Conservancy, Maryland\/DC Chapter, Cumberland, MD 21502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6552-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikko","family":"Vastaranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2354-8314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavithra S. Pitumpe","family":"Arachchige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae 00411, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9654-0276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lot","family":"Amor\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dronecoria, 03202 Elche, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Dalla","family":"Corte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Paran\u00e1\u2014UFPR, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9738-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"de-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Research Unit CTFC\u2014AGROTECNIO\u2014CERCA, 25198 Solsona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7840-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Vieira","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9553-0378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahlatse","family":"Kganyago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Directorate, South African National Space Agency, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4488-4237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eben North","family":"Broadbent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6567-9435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willie","family":"Doaemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae 00411, Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Lae 00411, Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"Morobe Development Foundation, Doyle Street, Trish Avenue-Eriku, Lae 00411, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Abdullah Bin","family":"Shorab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Resource Assessment & Conservation Division, Ministry of Forestry, Suva, Fiji"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Cardil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Research Unit CTFC\u2014AGROTECNIO\u2014CERCA, 25198 Solsona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain"},{"name":"Tecnosylva, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Le\u00f3n, 24009 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11056-008-9129-0","article-title":"Climate change mitigation via afforestation, reforestation and deforestation avoidance: And what about adaptation to environmental change?","volume":"38","author":"Reyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"New For."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-018-9837-5","article-title":"Ecological restoration as a strategy for mitigating and adapting to climate change: Lessons and challenges from Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Bustamante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mitig. 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