{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:15:09Z","timestamp":1773980109658,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41805002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41805002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20190147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20190147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST","award":["2016r042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016r042"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Innovation Project of NUIST","award":["201910300160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201910300160"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Fundamental Research Project of Jiangsu Colleges and Universities","award":["19KJB170025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19KJB170025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of aerosols on lightning has been noted in many studies, but much less is known about the long-term impacts in air-polluted urban areas of China. In this paper, 9-year data sets of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning, aerosol optical depth (AOD), convective available potential energy (CAPE), and surface relative humidity (SRH) from ground-based observation and model reanalysis are analyzed over three air-polluted urban areas of China. Decreasing trends are found in the interannual variations of CG lightning density (unit: flashes km\u22122day\u22121) and total AOD over the three study regions during the study period. An apparent enhancement in CG lightning density is found under conditions with high AOD on the seasonal cycles over the three study regions. The joint effects of total AOD and thermodynamic factors (CAPE and SRH) on CG lightning density and the percentage of positive CG flashes (+CG flashes\/total CG flashes \u00d7 100; PPCG; unit: %) are further analyzed. Results show that CG lighting density is higher under conditions with high total AOD, while PPCG is lower under conditions with low total AOD. CG lightning density is more sensitive to CAPE under conditions with high total AOD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13132600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T10:06:34Z","timestamp":1625220394000},"page":"2600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Response to Aerosol over Air-Polluted Urban Areas in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Haichao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)\/Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)\/Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"State key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Xuejuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)\/Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Yongbo","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)\/Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Honglei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)\/Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Luying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)\/Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)\/Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JG002502","article-title":"The sensitivity of global wildfires to simulated past, present, and future lightning frequency","volume":"119","author":"Krause","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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