{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T22:29:59Z","timestamp":1775341799376,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Density is one of the most important parameters in the construction of asphalt mixtures and pavement engineering. When a mixture is properly designed and compacted, it will contain enough air voids to prevent plastic deformation but will have low enough air void content to prevent water ingress and moisture damage. By mapping asphalt pavement density, areas with air void content outside of the acceptable range can be identified to predict its future life and performance. We describe a new instrument, the pavement density profiler (PDP) that has evolved from many years of making measurements of asphalt pavement properties. This instrument measures the electromagnetic (EM) wave impedance to infer the asphalt pavement density (or air void content) locally and over profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13132613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T22:35:22Z","timestamp":1625438122000},"page":"2613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A GPR-Based Pavement Density Profiler: Operating Principles and Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nectaria","family":"Diamanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geophysics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"A. Peter","family":"Annan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensors & Software Inc., Mississauga, ON L4W 2X8, Canada"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensors & Software Inc., Mississauga, ON L4W 2X8, Canada"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Klazinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensors & Software Inc., Mississauga, ON L4W 2X8, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zube, E. (1962, January 8\u201312). Compaction Studies of Asphalt Concrete Pavement as Related to the Water Permeability Test. Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board, Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"168","article-title":"The Effects of Moisture and Compaction on the Quality of Asphalt Pavements","volume":"54","author":"Santucci","year":"1985","journal-title":"Assoc. Asph. 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