{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T01:24:01Z","timestamp":1772760241914,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015211","name":"Department of Education, Skills and Employment, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Training Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Training Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Remote sensing has been applied to map the extent and biophysical properties of mangroves. However, the impact of several critical factors, such as the fractional cover and leaf-to-total area ratio of mangroves, on their canopy reflectance have rarely been reported. In this study, a systematic global sensitivity analysis was performed for mangroves based on a one-dimensional canopy reflectance model. Different scenarios such as sparse or dense canopies were set up to evaluate the impact of various biophysical and environmental factors, together with their ranges and probability distributions, on simulated canopy reflectance spectra and selected Sentinel-2A vegetation indices of mangroves. A variance-based method and a density-based method were adopted to compare the computed sensitivity indices. Our results showed that the fractional cover and leaf-to-total area ratio of mangrove crowns were among the most influential factors for all examined scenarios. As for other factors, plant area index and water depth were influential for sparse canopies while leaf biochemical properties and inclination angles were more influential for dense canopies. Therefore, these influential factors may need attention when mapping the biophysical properties of mangroves such as leaf area index. Moreover, a tailored sensitivity analysis is recommended for a specific mapping application as the computed sensitivity indices may be different if a specific input configuration and sensitivity analysis method are adopted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13132617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T22:35:22Z","timestamp":1625438122000},"page":"2617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Global Sensitivity Analysis for Canopy Reflectance and Vegetation Indices of Mangroves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyue","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2605-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart","family":"Phinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0182-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Roelfsema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3102222","article-title":"Hyperspectral data for mangrove species mapping: A comparison of pixel-based and object-based approach","volume":"3","author":"Kamal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2004.09.027","article-title":"Mapping mangrove leaf area index at the species level using IKONOS and LAI-2000 sensors for the Agua Brava Lagoon, Mexican Pacific","volume":"62","author":"Kovacs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Estuar. 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