{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:27:32Z","timestamp":1772252852728,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YF C0501103-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YF C0501103-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YF C0501103-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YF C0501103-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vegetation heat-stress assessment in the reclamation areas of coal gangue dumps is of great significance in controlling spontaneous combustion; through a temperature gradient experiment, we collected leaf spectra and water content data on alfalfa. We then obtained the optimal spectral features of appropriate leaf water content indicators through time series analysis, correlation analysis, and Lasso regression analysis. A spectral feature-based long short-term memory (SF-LSTM) model is proposed to estimate alfalfa\u2019s heat stress level; the live fuel moisture content (LFMC) varies significantly with time and has high regularity. Correlation analysis of the raw spectrum, first-derivative spectrum, spectral reflectance indices, and leaf water content data shows that LFMC and spectral data were the most strongly correlated. Combined with Lasso regression analysis, the optimal spectral features were the first-derivative spectral value at 1661 nm (abbreviated as FDS (1661)), RVI (1525,1771), DVI (1412,740), and NDVI (1447,1803). When the classification strategies were divided into three categories and the time sequence length of the spectral features was set to five consecutive monitoring dates, the SF-LSTM model had the highest accuracy in estimating the heat stress level in alfalfa; the results provide an important theoretical basis and technical support for vegetation heat-stress assessment in coal gangue dump reclamation areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13132634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T04:18:21Z","timestamp":1625458701000},"page":"2634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Simulating Heat Stress of Coal Gangue Spontaneous Combustion on Vegetation Using Alfalfa Leaf Water Content Spectral Features as Indicators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6893-2184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6701-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2493-0694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"given":"Haiyuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s40789-019-0242-9","article-title":"Spontaneous combustion liability of coal and coal-shale: A review of prediction methods","volume":"6","author":"Onifade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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