{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:45:35Z","timestamp":1780551935537,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Large damages and losses resulting from floods are widely reported across the globe. Thus, the identification of the flood-prone zones on a flood susceptibility map is very essential. To do so, 13 conditioning factors influencing the flood occurrence in Brisbane river catchment in Australia (i.e., topographic, water-related, geological, and land use factors) were acquired for further processing and modeling. In this study, artificial neural networks (ANN), deep learning neural networks (DLNN), and optimized DLNN using particle swarm optimization (PSO) were exploited to predict and estimate the susceptible areas to the future floods. The significance of the conditioning factors analysis for the region highlighted that altitude, distance from river, sediment transport index (STI), and slope played the most important roles, whereas stream power index (SPI) did not contribute to the hazardous situation. The performance of the models was evaluated against the statistical tests such as sensitivity, specificity, the area under curve (AUC), and true skill statistic (TSS). DLNN and PSO-DLNN models obtained the highest values of sensitivity (0.99) for the training stage to compare with ANN. Moreover, the validations of specificity and TSS for PSO-DLNN recorded the highest values of 0.98 and 0.90, respectively, compared with those obtained by ANN and DLNN. The best accuracies by AUC were evaluated in PSO-DLNN (0.99 in training and 0.98 in testing datasets), followed by DLNN and ANN. Therefore, the optimized PSO-DLNN proved its robustness to compare with other methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13132638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T22:02:04Z","timestamp":1625522524000},"page":"2638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Deep Neural Network Utilizing Remote Sensing Datasets for Flood Hazard Susceptibility Mapping in Brisbane, Australia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2822-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahareh","family":"Kalantar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Goal-Oriented Technology Research Group, Disaster Resilience Science Team, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naonori","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Goal-Oriented Technology Research Group, Disaster Resilience Science Team, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9602-547X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahideh","family":"Saeidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mapping and Surveying, Darya Tarsim Consulting Engineers Co. Ltd., Tehran 14578-43993, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeid","family":"Janizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 15119-43943, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariborz","family":"Shabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Kermanshah Azad University, Kermanshah 67189-97551, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5311-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kourosh","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 15119-43943, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5100-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzin","family":"Shabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Ecology and ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Tehrany, M.S., Kumar, L., and Shabani, F. 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