{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T06:51:04Z","timestamp":1775976664857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC1909201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC1909201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JJ4700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ4700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project of Innovation-driven Plan in Central South University","award":["2015CXS005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CXS005"]}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund Program of Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education","award":["2019YSJS22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YSJS22"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation For Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX20190134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20190134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University","award":["2020zzts670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020zzts670"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy technology for soil heavy metal (HM) concentration prediction has been widely studied. However, its spectral response characteristics are still uncertain. In this study, a near standard soil Cd samples (NSSCd) spectra enhanced modeling strategy was developed in order to to reveal the soil cadmium (Cd) spectral response characteristics and predict its concentration. NSSCd were produced by adding the quantitative Cd solution into background soil. Then, prior spectral bands (i.e., the bands with higher variable importance in projection (VIP) score in NSSCd spectra) were used for predicting Cd concentration in soil samples collected from the Hengyang mining area and Baoding agriculture area. The partial least squares (PLS) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling-partial least squares (CARS-PLS) were used for validation. Compared to using entire VNIR spectral ranges, the new modeling strategy performed very well, with the coefficient of determination (R2) and the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) showing an improvement from 0.63 and 1.72 to 0.71 and 1.95 in Hengyang and from 0.54 and 1.57 to 0.76 and 2.19 in Baoding. These results suggest that NSS prior spectral bands are critical for soil HM prediction. Our results represent an exciting finding for the future design of remote sensing sensors for soil HM detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13142657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T11:36:44Z","timestamp":1625571404000},"page":"2657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Near Standard Soil Samples Spectra Enhanced Modeling Strategy for Cd Concentration Prediction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yulong","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"},{"name":"Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1535-9940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huihui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Mo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"},{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410076, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.124","article-title":"Health Risks from the Exposure of Children to As, Se, Pb and Other Heavy Metals near the Largest Coking Plant in China","volume":"472","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. 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