{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T19:19:01Z","timestamp":1773429541737,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant of Excellence Departments, MIUR-Italy (ARTICOLO 1 COMMI 314-337, LEGGE 232\/2016)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant of Excellence Departments, MIUR-Italy (ARTICOLO 1 COMMI 314-337, LEGGE 232\/2016)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prompt estimation of phytoplankton biomass is critical in determining the ecological quality of freshwaters. Remote Sensing (RS) may provide new opportunities to integrate with situ traditional monitoring techniques. Nonetheless, wide regional and temporal variability in freshwater optical constituents makes it difficult to design universally applicable RS protocols. Here, we assessed the potential of two neural networks-based models, namely the Case 2 Regional CoastColour (C2RCC) processor and the Mixture Density Network (MDN), applied to MSI Sentinel-2 data for monitoring Chlorophyll (Chl) content in three monomictic volcanic lakes while accounting for the effect of their specific water circulation pattern on the remotely-sensed and in situ data relation. Linear mixed models were used to test the relationship between the remote sensing indices calculated through C2RCC (INN) and MDN (IMDN), and in situ Chl concentration. Both indices proved to explain a large portion of the variability in the field data and exhibited a positive and significant relationship between Chl concentration and satellite data, but only during the mixing phase. The significant effect of the water circulation period can be explained by the low responsiveness of the RS approaches applied here to the low phytoplankton biomass, typical of the stratification phase. Sentinel-2 data proved their valuable potential for the remote sensing of phytoplankton in small inland water bodies, otherwise challenging with previous sensors. However, caution should be taken, since the applicability of such an approach on certain water bodies may depend on hydrological and ecological parameters (e.g., thermal stratification and seasonal nutrient availability) potentially altering RS chlorophyll detection by neural networks-based models, despite their alleged global validity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13142699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T21:05:54Z","timestamp":1625778354000},"page":"2699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Water Mixing Conditions Influence Sentinel-2 Monitoring of Chlorophyll Content in Monomictic Lakes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4418-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Perrone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Praha Suchdol, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Scalici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Praha Suchdol, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Moravec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Praha Suchdol, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Krop\u00e1\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Praha, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6773-404X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sighicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) CR Casaccia, 00123 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Lecce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) CR Casaccia, 00123 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9639-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Malavasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Praha Suchdol, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09440","article-title":"Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity","volume":"467","author":"McIntyre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892902000218","article-title":"Environmental issues in lakes and ponds: Current state and perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Hansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. 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