{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:12:57Z","timestamp":1782483177119,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62001352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62001352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61671352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFB2202500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB2202500"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012659","name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61621005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61621005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The target detection of the passive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar that is comprised of multiple illuminators of opportunity and multiple receivers is investigated in this paper. In the passive MIMO radar, the transmitted signals of illuminators of opportunity are totally unknown, and the received signals are contaminated by the colored Gaussian noise with an unknown covariance matrix. The generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is explored for the passive MIMO radar when the channel coefficients are also unknown, and the closed-form GLRT is derived. Compared with the GLRT with unknown transmitted signals and channel coefficients but a known covariance matrix, the proposed method is applicable for a more practical case whenthe covariance matrix of colored noise is unknown, although it has higher computational complexity. Moreover, the proposed GLRT can achieve similar performance as the GLRT with the known covariance matrix when the number of training samples is large enough. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed GLRT is verified by several numerical examples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13142708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1625827838000},"page":"2708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Passive MIMO Radar Detection with Unknown Colored Gaussian Noise"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guisheng","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haichuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6672-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yachao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingzeng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2015.01.006","article-title":"On the performance of the cross-correlation detector for passive radar applications","volume":"113","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2014.09.034","article-title":"Signal detection with noisy reference for passive sensing","volume":"108","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3619","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2016.2552498","article-title":"Group sparsity based multi-target tracking in passive multi-static radar systems using Doppler-only measurements","volume":"64","author":"Subedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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