{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:14:17Z","timestamp":1760166857255,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001859","name":"Swedish National Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001859","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mapping of tree height is of great importance for management, planning, and research related to agroforestry parklands in Africa. In this paper, we investigate the potential of spotlight-mode data from the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) satellite system TanDEM-X (TDM) for mapping of tree height in Sapon\u00e9, Burkina Faso, a test site characterised by a low average canopy cover (~15%) and a mean tree height of 9.0 m. Seven TDM acquisitions from January\u2013April 2018 are used jointly to create high-resolution (~3 m) maps of interferometric phase height and mean canopy elevation, the latter derived using a new, model-based processing approach compensating for some effects of the side-looking geometry of SAR. Compared with phase height, mean canopy elevation provides a more accurate representation of tree height variations, a better tree positioning accuracy, and better tree height estimation performance when assessed using 915 trees inventoried in situ and representing 15 different species\/genera. We observe and discuss two bias effects, and we use empirical models to compensate for these effects. The best-performing model using only TDM data provides tree height estimates with a standard error (SE) of 2.8 m (31% of the average height) and a correlation coefficient of 75%. The estimation performance is further improved when TDM height data are combined with in situ measurements; this is a promising result in view of future synergies with other remote sensing techniques or ground measurement-supported monitoring of well-known trees.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13142747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T22:25:31Z","timestamp":1626215131000},"page":"2747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mapping Tree Height in Burkina Faso Parklands with TanDEM-X"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4683-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej J.","family":"Soja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MJ Soja Consulting, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia"},{"name":"School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Karlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Link\u00f6ping University, 58 183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8579-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jules","family":"Bayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Sahel Office, Ouagadougou 06 BP 9478, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugues R.","family":"Bazi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et la Terre, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josias","family":"Sanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement Environnement et For\u00eats, Institut de l\u2019Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boalidioa","family":"Tankoano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Development Rural Institute-Department of Forestry, Nazi Boni University, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 01 1091, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7155-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leif E. B.","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2128-7787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madelene","family":"Ostwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable Development, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5757-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars M. 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