{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T15:38:04Z","timestamp":1773243484107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41971152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hunan Innovative Talent Program","award":["2019RS1062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019RS1062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is increasingly known as an effective proxy for plant photosynthesis, and therefore, has great potential in monitoring gross primary production (GPP). However, the relationship between SIF and GPP remains highly uncertain across space and time. Here, we analyzed the SIF (reconstructed, SIFc)\u2013GPP relationships and their spatiotemporal variability, using GPP estimates from FLUXNET2015 and two spatiotemporally contiguous SIFc datasets (CSIF and GOSIF). The results showed that SIFc had significant positive correlations with GPP at the spatiotemporal scales investigated (p &lt; 0.001). The generally linear SIFc\u2013GPP relationships were substantially affected by spatial and temporal scales and SIFc datasets. The GPP\/SIFc slope of the evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF) biome was significantly higher than the slopes of several other biomes (p &lt; 0.05), while the other 11 biomes showed no significant differences in the GPP\/SIFc slope between each other (p &gt; 0.05). Therefore, we propose a two-slope scheme to differentiate ENF from non-ENF biome and synopsize spatiotemporal variability of the GPP\/SIFc slope. The relative biases were 7.14% and 11.06% in the estimated cumulative GPP across all EC towers, respectively, for GOSIF and CSIF using a two-slope scheme. The significantly higher GPP\/SIFc slopes of the ENF biome in the two-slope scheme are intriguing and deserve further study. In addition, there was still considerable dispersion in the comparisons of CSIF\/GOSIF and GPP at both site and biome levels, calling for discriminatory analysis backed by higher spatial resolution to systematically address issues related to landscape heterogeneity and mismatch between SIFc pixel and the footprints of flux towers and their impacts on the SIF\u2013GPP relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13142824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:18:52Z","timestamp":1626643132000},"page":"2824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Global Analysis of the Relationship between Reconstructed Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) and Gross Primary Production (GPP)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4279-0226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiqiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}]},{"given":"Shuguang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}]},{"given":"Weizhi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8580-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0493-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Valbuena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK"}]},{"given":"Wende","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5486-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}]},{"given":"Qinyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}]},{"given":"Yujun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Morag","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5926-9299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Pagella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK"}]},{"given":"Juyang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Forest Botanical Garden, Changsha 410116, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410007, China"}]},{"given":"Gui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184984","article-title":"Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: Global distribution and covariation with climate","volume":"329","author":"Beer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaam5747","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam5747","article-title":"OCO-2 advances photosynthesis observation from space via solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence","volume":"358","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frankenberg, C., Fisher, J., Worden, J., Badgley, G., Saatchi, S.S., Lee, J.-E., Toon, G.C., Butz, A., Jung, M., and Kuze, A. 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