{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T22:45:34Z","timestamp":1780094734970,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11603001, 11833001, 11973015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11603001, 11833001, 11973015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences Foundation of the young scholars of western","award":["2020-XBQNXZ-019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-XBQNXZ-019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The high accuracy radio Doppler frequency is critical for navigating a deep space probe and for planetary radio science experiments. In this paper, we propose a novel method based on the local correlation of segmented modeling to retrieve Doppler frequency by processing an open-loop radio link signal from one single ground station. Simulations are implemented, which prove the validity of this method. Mars Express (MEX) and Tianwen-1 observation experiments were carried out by Chinese Deep Space Stations (CDSS). X-band Doppler frequency observables were retrieved by the proposed method to participate in orbit determination. The results show that the accuracy of velocity residuals of orbit determination in open-loop mode is from 0.043 mm\/s to 0.061 mm\/s in 1 s integration; the average accuracy of Doppler frequency is about 3.3 mHz in 1 s integration and about 0.73 mHz in 60 s integration. The Doppler accuracy here is better than that of the digital baseband receiver at CDSS. The algorithm is efficient and flexible when the deep space probe is in a high dynamic mode and in low signal to noise ratio (SNR). This will benefit Chinese deep space exploration missions and planetary radio science experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13142846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T11:26:10Z","timestamp":1626780370000},"page":"2846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Retrieving Doppler Frequency via Local Correlation Method of Segmented Modeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lue","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9815-2579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6492-7193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Observatory of Belgium, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weitao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songtao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Yue, J.H. 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