{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:50:52Z","timestamp":1774925452163,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["Grant No. XDA19030301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. XDA19030301"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["G2019-02-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2019-02-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land degradation poses a critical threat to the stability and security of ecosystems, especially in salinized areas. Monitoring the land degradation of salinized areas facilitates land management and ecological restoration. In this research, we integrated the salinization index (SI), albedo, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface soil moisture index (LSM) through the principal component analysis (PCA) method to establish a salinized land degradation index (SDI). Based on the SDI, the land degradation of a typical salinized area in the Central Asia Amu Darya delta (ADD) was analysed for the period 1990\u20132019. The results showed that the proposed SDI had a high positive correlation (R2 = 0.89, p &lt; 0.001) with the soil salt content based on field sampling, indicating that the SDI can reveal the land degradation characteristics of the ADD. The SDI indicated that the extreme and strong land degradation areas increased from 1990 to 2019, mainly in the downstream and peripheral regions of the ADD. From 1990 to 2000, land degradation improvement over a larger area than developed, conversely, from 2000 to 2019, and especially, from 2000 to 2010, the proportion of land degradation developed was 32%, which was mainly concentrated in the downstream region of the ADD. The spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that the SDI values of Moran\u2019s I in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019 were 0.82, 0.78, 0.82 and 0.77, respectively, suggesting that the SDI was notably clustered in space rather than randomly distributed. The expansion of unused land due to land use change, water withdrawal from the Amu Darya River and the discharge of salt downstream all contributed to land degradation in the ADD. This study provides several valuable insights into the land degradation monitoring and management of this salinized delta and similar settings worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13152851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T22:35:31Z","timestamp":1626993331000},"page":"2851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Using Synthetic Remote Sensing Indicators to Monitor the Land Degradation in a Salinized Area"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Guli","family":"Jiapaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"given":"Anming","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9126-8357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoxiong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9762-368X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-information, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.687","article-title":"Land degradation control and its global environmental benefits","volume":"16","author":"Gisladottir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Land Degrad. 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