{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:11:06Z","timestamp":1781626266818,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFE0184300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFE0184300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EU Eramus+ Project","award":["598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The unprecedented regional urbanization has brought great pressure on the ecological environment. Building an ecological security pattern and guide regional land and space development is an important technique to ensure regional ecological security and stability to achieve sustainable development. In this study, the Pingtan Island of China and the Durban city of South Africa were chosen as case study area for a comparative study of different scales. The importance of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity were evaluated, respectively. The core area of landscape which is vital for ecological function maintenance was extracted by morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity analysis. Furthermore, the ecological sources were determined by combining the results of ecological protection redline delimitation and core area landscape extraction. The potential ecological corridors were identified based on the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the ecological security pattern of study areas was constructed. The results showed that the ecological protection redline areas of Pingtan and Durban were 42.78 km2 and 389.07 km2, respectively, which were mainly distributed in mountainous areas with good habitat quality. Pingtan ecological security pattern is composed of 15 ecological sources, 16 ecological corridors, 10 stepping stone patches and 15 ecological obstacle points. The total length of corridors is 112.23 km, which is radially distributed in the form of \u201cone ring, three belts\u201d. The ecological security pattern of Durban is composed of 15 ecological sources, 17 ecological corridors, 11 stepping stone patches and 18 ecological obstacle points. The total length of corridors is 274.25 km, which is radially distributed in the form of \u201ctwo rings and three belts\u201d. The research results can provide an important reference for the land space construction planning and ecological restoration projects in Pingtan and Durban.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13152865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T22:35:31Z","timestamp":1626993331000},"page":"2865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Remotely Sensed Ecological Protection Redline and Security Pattern Construction: A Comparative Analysis of Pingtan (China) and Durban (South Africa)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qixin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8915-7714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Eladawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1 W8-5, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan"},{"name":"Irrigation and Hydraulics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mansoura University, 60 Elgomhoria Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8659-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-646X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5330-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eldar","family":"Kurbanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Sustainable Forest Management and Remote Sensing, Volga State University of Technology, 424000 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9899-9200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Geoscience, 280 Pretoria Street, Silverton, Private Bag X112, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2046(92)90060-D","article-title":"Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning","volume":"23","author":"Knaapen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Landsc. 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