{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T17:26:55Z","timestamp":1772645215755,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Thirteen-Five Equipment Pre-Research Foundation of China","award":["61403120207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61403120207"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004750","name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21HASTIT030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21HASTIT030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young Backbone Teachers inUniversities ofHenan Province","award":["2020GGJS073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GGJS073"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1809202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1809202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation in the Central Plains of China","award":["194200510012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["194200510012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increased resolution capability of modern sensors, an object should be considered as extended if the target extent is larger than the sensor resolution. Multiple maneuvering extended object tracking (MMEOT) uses not only measurements of the target centroid but also high-resolution sensor measurements which may resolve individual features or measurement sources. MMEOT aims to jointly estimate object number, centroid states, and extension states. However, unknown and time-varying maneuvers of multiple objects produce difficulties in terms of accurate estimation. For multiple maneuvering star-convex extended objects using random hypersurface models (RHMs) in particular, their complex maneuvering behaviors are difficult to be described accurately and handled effectively. To deal with these problems, this paper proposes an interacting multiple model Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (IMM-GMPHD) filter for multiple maneuvering extended object tracking. In this filter, linear maneuver models derived from RHMs are utilized to describe different turn maneuvers of star-convex extended objects accurately. Based on these, an IMM-GMPHD filtering recursive form is given by deriving new update and merging formulas of model probabilities for extended objects. Gaussian mixture components of different posterior intensities are also pruned and merged accurately. More importantly, the geometrical significance of object extension states is fully considered and exploited in this filter. This contributes to the accurate estimation of object extensions. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed tracking approach\u2014it can obtain the joint estimation of object number, kinematic states, and object extensions in complex maneuvering scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13152963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T21:21:04Z","timestamp":1627507264000},"page":"2963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Tracking of Multiple Maneuvering Random Hypersurface Extended Objects Using High Resolution Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lifan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China"},{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haofang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhumu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zishu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiexin","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Mao, D., Niu, J., Wu, Q.M., and Ji, Y. 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