{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:39:44Z","timestamp":1782484784741,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41771488, 41701489 and 41941003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41771488, 41701489 and 41941003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Topographic products are important for mission operations and scientific research in lunar exploration. In a lunar rover mission, high-resolution digital elevation models are typically generated at waypoints by photogrammetry methods based on rover stereo images acquired by stereo cameras. In case stereo images are not available, the stereo-photogrammetric method will not be applicable. Alternatively, photometric stereo method can recover topographic information with pixel-level resolution from three or more images, which are acquired by one camera under the same viewing geometry with different illumination conditions. In this research, we extend the concept of photometric stereo to photogrammetric-photometric stereo by incorporating collinearity equations into imaging irradiance model. The proposed photogrammetric-photometric stereo algorithm for surface construction involves three steps. First, the terrain normal vector in object space is derived from collinearity equations, and image irradiance equation for close-range topographic mapping is determined. Second, based on image irradiance equations of multiple images, the height gradients in image space can be solved. Finally, the height map is reconstructed through global least-squares surface reconstruction with spectral regularization. Experiments were carried out using simulated lunar rover images and actual lunar rover images acquired by Yutu-2 rover of Chang\u2019e-4 mission. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves high-resolution and high-precision surface reconstruction, and outperforms the traditional photometric stereo methods. The proposed method is valuable for ground-based lunar surface reconstruction and can be applicable to surface reconstruction of Earth and other planets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13152975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T21:21:04Z","timestamp":1627507264000},"page":"2975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Photogrammetric-Photometric Stereo Method for High-Resolution Lunar Topographic Mapping Using Yutu-2 Rover Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Man","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6581-6615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaichang","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7085-2709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yexin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12764","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL085252","article-title":"Topographic Evolution of Von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n Crater Revealed by the Lunar Rover Yutu","volume":"46","author":"Di","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. 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