{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T08:39:08Z","timestamp":1775896748702,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council of Norway","award":["263005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["263005"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council","award":["CUHK14305618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUHK14305618"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In permafrost areas, the active layer undergoes seasonal frost heave and thaw subsidence caused by ice formation and melting. The amplitude and timing of the ground displacement cycles depend on the climatic and ground conditions. Here we used Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) to document the seasonal displacement progression in three regions of Svalbard. We retrieved June\u2013November 2017 time series and identified thaw subsidence maxima and their timing. InSAR measurements were compared with a composite index model based on ground surface temperature. Cyclic seasonal patterns are identified in all areas, but the timing of the displacement progression varies. The subsidence maxima occurred later on the warm western coast (Kapp Linn\u00e9 and Ny-\u00c5lesund) compared to the colder interior (Adventdalen). The composite index model is generally able to explain the observed patterns. In Adventdalen, the model matches the InSAR time series at the location of the borehole. In Kapp Linn\u00e9 and Ny-\u00c5lesund, larger deviations are found at the pixel-scale, but km or regional averaging improves the fit. The study highlights the potential for further development of regional InSAR products to represent the cyclic displacements in permafrost areas and infer the active layer thermal dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13152977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T21:21:04Z","timestamp":1627507264000},"page":"2977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Seasonal InSAR Displacements Documenting the Active Layer Freeze and Thaw Progression in Central-Western Spitsbergen, Svalbard"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Line","family":"Rouyet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box 6434, 9294 Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), P.O. Box 6050, Langnes, 9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Arctic Geology Department, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9581-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Central Ave, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah Marie","family":"Strand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arctic Geology Department, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo (UiO), P.O. Box 1047, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanne Hvidtfeldt","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arctic Geology Department, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom Rune","family":"Lauknes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box 6434, 9294 Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), P.O. Box 6050, Langnes, 9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yngvar","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box 6434, 9294 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"French, H.M. (2007). The Periglacial Environment, John Wiley & Sons. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118684931"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14338","article-title":"Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback","volume":"520","author":"Schuur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07557-4","article-title":"Degrading permafrost puts arctic infrastructure at risk by mid-century","volume":"9","author":"Hjort","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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