{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:13:18Z","timestamp":1760235198780,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction","award":["110A1000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110A1000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Operational monsoon moisture surveillance and severe weather prediction is essential for timely water resource management and disaster risk reduction. For these purposes, this study suggests a moisture indicator using the COSMIC-2\/FORMOSAT-7 radio occultation (RO) observations and evaluates numerical model experiments with RO data assimilation. The RO data quality is validated by a comparison between sampled RO profiles and nearby radiosonde profiles around Taiwan prior to the experiments. The suggested moisture indicator accurately monitors daily moisture variations in the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal throughout the 2020 monsoon rainy season. For the numerical model experiments, the statistics of 152 moisture and rainfall forecasts for the 2020 Meiyu season in Taiwan show a neutral to slightly positive impact brought by RO data assimilation. A forecast sample with the most significant improvement reveals that both thermodynamic and dynamic fields are appropriately adjusted by model integration posterior to data assimilation. The statistics of 17 track forecasts for typhoon Hagupit (2020) also show the positive effect of RO data assimilation. A forecast sample reveals that the member with RO data assimilation simulates better typhoon structure and intensity than the member without, and the effect can be larger and faster via multi-cycle RO data assimilation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13152979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T21:21:04Z","timestamp":1627507264000},"page":"2979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Operational Monsoon Moisture Surveillance and Severe Weather Prediction Utilizing COSMIC-2\/FORMOSAT-7 Radio Occultation Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9191-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0453-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Chien","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1157-8927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-chao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An-Hsiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Ju","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan-Rong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H.-H., Tsai, C.-C., Liou, J.-C., Chen, Y.-C., Lin, C.-Y., Lin, L.-Y., and Chung, K.-S. (2020). Multi-weather evaluation of nowcasting methods including a new empirical blending scheme. Atmosphere, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11111166"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H., and Wasle, E. (2008). GNSS\u2014Global Navigation Satellite Systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and More, Springer Wien."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s43020-020-00023-x","article-title":"Status, perspectives and trends of satellite navigation","volume":"1","author":"Hein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Satell. Navig."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Melbourne, W.G., Davis, E.S., Duncan, C.B., Hajj, G.A., Hardy, K.R., Kursinski, E.R., Meehan, T.K., Young, L.E., and Yunck, T.P. (1994). The Application of Spaceborne GPS to Atmospheric Limb Sounding and Global Change Monitoring, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publication 94-18."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23429","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD01569","article-title":"Observing earth\u2019s atmosphere with radio occultation measurements using the global positioning system","volume":"102","author":"Kursinski","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1996)077<0019:GSOTAF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"GPS sounding of the atmosphere from low earth orbit: Preliminary results","volume":"77","author":"Ware","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL013117","article-title":"Atmosphere sounding by GPS radio occultation: First results from CHAMP","volume":"28","author":"Wickert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D06109","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003909","article-title":"CHAMP and SAC-C atmospheric occultation results and intercomparisons","volume":"109","author":"Hajj","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099192","article-title":"GRACE measurements of mass variability in the earth system","volume":"305","author":"Tapley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-89-3-313","article-title":"The COSMIC\/FORMOSAT-3 mission: Early results","volume":"89","author":"Anthes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019GL086841","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL086841","article-title":"COSMIC-2 radio occultation constellation: First results","volume":"47","author":"Schreiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1175\/2008BAMS2399.1","article-title":"Prospects of the EPS GRAS mission for operational atmospheric applications","volume":"89","author":"Luntama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2010.2071879","article-title":"Ship surveillance with TerraSAR-X","volume":"49","author":"Brusch","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2990499","article-title":"CubeSat communications: Recent advances and future challenges","volume":"22","author":"Saeed","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2020.2991175","article-title":"Completion of the AMR-C instrument for Sentinel-6","volume":"13","author":"Maiwald","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29849","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD02400","article-title":"Analysis and validation of GPS\/MET data in the neutral atmosphere","volume":"102","author":"Rocken","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000935","article-title":"1DVAR analysis of temperature and humidity using GPS radio occultation refractivity data","volume":"107","author":"Poli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0265(97)00023-7","article-title":"The impact of Global Positioning System data on the prediction of an extratropical cyclone: An observing system simulation experiment","volume":"27","author":"Kuo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dynam. Atmos. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"3013","article-title":"Use of GPS\/MET refraction angles in three-dimensional variational analysis","volume":"126","author":"Zou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1953.274297","article-title":"The constants in the equation for atmospheric refractive index at radio frequencies","volume":"41","author":"Smith","year":"1953","journal-title":"Proc. IRE"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1029\/JA073i005p01819","article-title":"On the radio occultation method for studying planetary atmospheres","volume":"73","author":"Phinney","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22301","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900450","article-title":"A ray-tracing operator and its adjoint for the use of GPS\/MET refraction angle measurements","volume":"104","author":"Zou","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1256\/qj.03.228","article-title":"Effects of horizontal gradients on GPS radio occultation observation operators. I: Ray tracing","volume":"130","author":"Poli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1256\/qj.03.229","article-title":"Effects of horizontal gradients on GPS radio occultation observation operators. II: A fast atmospheric refractivity gradient operator (FARGO)","volume":"130","author":"Poli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR2948.1","article-title":"Assessing the accuracy of a linearized observation operator for assimilation of radio occultation data: Case simulations with a high-resolution weather model","volume":"133","author":"Sokolovskiy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR3006.1","article-title":"Evaluation of a linear phase observation operator with CHAMP radio occultation data and high-resolution regional analysis","volume":"133","author":"Sokolovskiy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2151\/jmsj1923.36.3_77","article-title":"An objective analysis based on the variational method","volume":"36","author":"Sasaki","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31771","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000345","article-title":"Impact of 837 GPS\/MET bending angle profiles on assimilation and forecasts for the period June 20\u201330, 1995","volume":"106","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2151\/jmsj.2004.533","article-title":"Impact of CHAMP radio occultation observations on global analysis and forecasts in the absence of AMSU radiance data","volume":"82","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1256\/qj.04.182","article-title":"Assimilation experiments with CHAMP GPS radio occultation measurements","volume":"132","author":"Healy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.63","article-title":"Assimilating GPS radio occultation measurements with two-dimensional bending angle observation operators","volume":"133","author":"Healy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR3461.1","article-title":"Assimilation of Global Positioning System radio occultation observations into NCEP\u2019s Global Data Assimilation System","volume":"135","author":"Cucurull","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1175\/2008WAF2007070.1","article-title":"Operational implementation of COSMIC observations into NCEP\u2019s Global Data Assimilation System","volume":"23","author":"Cucurull","year":"2008","journal-title":"Weather Forecast."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D16114","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD011156","article-title":"Signature of the atmospheric compressibility factor in COSMIC, CHAMP, and GRACE radio occultation data","volume":"114","author":"Aparicio","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.521","article-title":"The impact of GPS radio occultation assimilation at the Met Office","volume":"136","author":"Rennie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-4-1105-2011","article-title":"Assimilation of GPS radio occultation data at DWD","volume":"4","author":"Anlauf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1175\/WAF874.1","article-title":"Improvements in typhoon forecasts with assimilated GPS occultation refractivity","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Weather Forecast."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Liou, K.-N., and Chou, M.-D. (2008). Impact of FORMOSAT-3\/COSMIC data on typhoon and Mei-yu prediction. Recent Progress in Atmospheric Sciences: Application to the Asia-Pacific Region, World Scientific."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3319\/TAO.2007.11.29.01(F3C)","article-title":"Assimilation of GPS refractivity from FOMOSAT-3\/COSMIC using a nonlocal operator with WRF 3DVAR and its impact on the prediction of a typhoon event","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3319\/TAO.2008.01.21.03(F3C)","article-title":"Impact of GPS radio occultation refractivity soundings on a simulation of Typhoon Bilis (2006) upon landfall","volume":"20","author":"Kueh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-009-0144-1","article-title":"Impact of GPS radio occultation data assimilation on regional weather predictions","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-11-00024.1","article-title":"Improved analyses and forecasts of Hurricane Ernesto\u2019s genesis using radio occultation data in an ensemble filter assimilation system","volume":"140","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-8-2531-2015","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of the impacts of GPSRO data on the prediction of typhoons over the northwestern Pacific in 2008\u20132010","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1175\/WAF-D-15-0085.1","article-title":"An impact study of GPS radio occultation observations on frontal rainfall prediction with a local bending angle operator","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Weather Forecast."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho, S.-P., Zhou, X., Shao, X., Zhang, B., Adhikari, L., Kireev, S., He, Y., Yoe, J.G., Xia-Serafino, W., and Lynch, E. (2020). Initial assessment of the COSMIC-2\/FORMOSAT-7 neutral atmosphere data quality in NESDIS\/STAR using in situ and satellite data. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12244099"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-20-0036.1","article-title":"Simultaneous radio occultation for intersatellite comparison of bending angles toward more accurate atmospheric sounding","volume":"37","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"(2021, May 22). NCDR WATCH, (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"(2021, May 22). TACC-Taiwan Data Process Center, Available online: https:\/\/tacc.cwb.gov.tw\/v2\/en\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsonis, A.A. (2007). An Introduction to Atmospheric Thermodynamics, Cambridge University Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511619175"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1080\/014311698214721","article-title":"Algorithms of inversion of Microlab-1 satellite data including effects of multipath propagation","volume":"19","author":"Gorbunov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-17-0224.1","article-title":"A quality control procedure based on bending angle measurement uncertainty for radio occultation data assimilation in the tropical lower troposphere","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2002)015<0386:RSOTAP>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Rainy season of the Asian\u2013Pacific summer monsoon","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1175\/2932.1","article-title":"Definition of South China Sea monsoon onset and commencement of the East Asia summer monsoon","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2002)015<2001:TTSSOT>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The time-space structure of the Asian\u2013Pacific summer monsoon: A fast annual cycle view","volume":"15","author":"LinHo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1175\/2010BAMS3001.1","article-title":"The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis","volume":"91","author":"Saha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Skamarock, W.C., Klemp, J.B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D.O., Barker, D.M., Duda, M.G., Huang, X.-Y., Wang, W., and Powers, J.G. (2008). A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3, NCAR. NCAR Technical Note NCAR\/TN-475+STR."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00703-001-0594-7","article-title":"Microphysics, radiation and surface processes in the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model","volume":"82","author":"Tao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Meteor. Atmos. Phys."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2004)043<0170:TKCPAU>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization: An update","volume":"43","author":"Kain","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteor."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-11-00056.1","article-title":"A revised scheme for the WRF surface layer formulation","volume":"140","author":"Dudhia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2001)129<0569:CAALSH>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Coupling an advanced land surface-hydrology model with the Penn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity","volume":"129","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR3199.1","article-title":"A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes","volume":"134","author":"Hong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D13103","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD009944","article-title":"Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models","volume":"113","author":"Iacono","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1175\/2011BAMS-D-11-00047.1","article-title":"National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor QPE (NMQ) system: Description, results, and future plans","volume":"92","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2015.68.6.540","article-title":"T test as a parametric statistic","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/15\/2979\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:36:28Z","timestamp":1760164588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/15\/2979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13152979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13152979","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]}}}