{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:34:57Z","timestamp":1783697697627,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61625103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61625103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) employs GNSS satellites as transmitters of opportunity and a fixed receiver with two channels, i.e., direct wave and echo, on the ground. The repeat-pass concept is adopted in GNSS-based InSAR to retrieve the deformation of the target area, and it has inherited advantages from the GNSS system, such as a short repeat-pass period and multi-angle retrieval. However, several interferometric phase errors, such as inter-channel and atmospheric errors, are introduced into GNSS-based InSAR, which seriously decreases the accuracy of the retrieved deformation. In this paper, a deformation retrieval algorithm is presented to assess the compensation of the interferometric phase errors in GNSS-based InSAR. Firstly, the topological phase error was eliminated based on accurate digital elevation model (DEM) information from a light detection and ranging (lidar) system. Secondly, the inter-channel phase error was compensated, using direct wave in the echo channel, i.e., a back lobe signal. Finally, by modeling the atmospheric phase, the residual atmospheric phase error was compensated for. This is the first realization of the deformation detection of urban scenes using a GNSS-based system, and the results suggest the effectiveness of the phase error compensation algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13153041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T02:16:07Z","timestamp":1628043367000},"page":"3041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Interferometric Phase Error Analysis and Compensation in GNSS-InSAR: A Case Study of Structural Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhanze","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherniakov, M. 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