{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:14:19Z","timestamp":1760235259118,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41771402","U2033216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41771402","U2033216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2017YFB0502700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0502700"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2018JY0664","2019ZDZX0042","2020JDTD0003","2020YJ0322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018JY0664","2019ZDZX0042","2020JDTD0003","2020YJ0322"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, many cities in the Chinese loess plateau (especially in Shanxi province) have encountered ground subsidence problems due to the construction of underground projects and the exploitation of underground resources. With the completion of the world\u2019s largest geotechnical project, called \u201cmountain excavation and city construction,\u201d in a collapsible loess area, the Yan\u2019an city also appeared to have uneven ground subsidence. To obtain the spatial distribution characteristics and the time-series evolution trend of the subsidence, we selected Yan\u2019an New District (YAND) as the specific study area and presented an improved time-series InSAR (TS-InSAR) method for experimental research. Based on 89 Sentinel-1A images collected between December 2017 to December 2020, we conducted comprehensive research and analysis on the spatial and temporal evolution of surface subsidence in YAND. The monitoring results showed that the YAND is relatively stable in general, with deformation rates mainly in the range of \u221210 to 10 mm\/yr. However, three significant subsidence funnels existed in the fill area, with a maximum subsidence rate of 100 mm\/yr. From 2017 to 2020, the subsidence funnels enlarged, and their subsidence rates accelerated. Further analysis proved that the main factors induced the severe ground subsidence in the study area, including the compressibility and collapsibility of loess, rapid urban construction, geological environment change, traffic circulation load, and dynamic change of groundwater. The experimental results indicated that the improved TS-InSAR method is adaptive to monitoring uneven subsidence of deep loess area. Moreover, related data and information would provide reference to the large-scale ground deformation monitoring and in similar loess areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13153044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T02:16:07Z","timestamp":1628043367000},"page":"3044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Subsidence Monitoring of Fill Area in Yan\u2019an New District Based on Sentinel-1A Time Series Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8903-3535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingjie","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0809-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"},{"name":"State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2082-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jichao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}]},{"given":"Jiatai","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation System and Data Center, CNSA, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Spaceon Aerospace Information Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu 611730, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-2211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cui, Y. (2015). Study on the Benefit of Resources and Environment in Yan\u2019an New Area. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Chang\u2019an University]."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. (2015). Study on Experimental Characteristics of Improved Residual Slope Loess and Subgrade Settlement Deformation in Yan\u2019an New Area. 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