{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:45:04Z","timestamp":1775641504789,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research 509 and Development Program of China","award":["2019YFC1804304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1804304"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural 510 Science Foundation of China","award":["41771478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41771478"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds 511 for the Central Universities","award":["2019B02514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B02514"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The frequency of marine oil spills has increased in recent years. The growing exploitation of marine oil and continuous increase in marine crude oil transportation has caused tremendous damage to the marine ecological environment. Using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to monitor marine oil spills can help control the spread of oil spill pollution over time and reduce the economic losses and environmental pollution caused by such spills. However, it is a significant challenge to distinguish between oil-spilled areas and oil-spill-like in SAR images. Semantic segmentation models based on deep learning have been used in this field to address this issue. In addition, this study is dedicated to improving the accuracy of the U-Shape Network (UNet) model in identifying oil spill areas and oil-spill-like areas and alleviating the overfitting problem of the model; a feature merge network (FMNet) is proposed for image segmentation. The global features of SAR image, which are high-frequency component in the frequency domain and represents the boundary between categories, are obtained by a threshold segmentation method. This can weaken the impact of spot noise in SAR image. Then high-dimensional features are extracted from the threshold segmentation results using convolution operation. These features are superimposed with to the down sampling and combined with the high-dimensional features of original image. The proposed model obtains more features, which allows the model to make more accurate decisions. The overall accuracy of the proposed method increased by 1.82% and reached 61.90% compared with the UNet. The recognition accuracy of oil spill areas and oil-spill-like areas increased by approximately 3% and reached 56.33%. The method proposed in this paper not only improves the recognition accuracy of the original model, but also alleviates the overfitting problem of the original model and provides a more effective monitoring method for marine oil spill monitoring. More importantly, the proposed method provides a design principle that opens up new development ideas for the optimization of other deep learning network models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13163174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T04:56:22Z","timestamp":1628657782000},"page":"3174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Feature Merged Network for Oil Spill Detection Using SAR Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yonglei","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7764-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Rui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}]},{"given":"Guangyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academic of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}]},{"given":"Xijie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academic of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3156-9609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Poslad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.06.027","article-title":"Environmental effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A review","volume":"110","author":"Beyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. 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