{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T12:15:36Z","timestamp":1771762536902,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Equivalent water thickness (EWT) and leaf mass per area (LMA) are important indicators of plant processes, such as photosynthetic and potential growth rates and health status, and are also important variables for fire risk assessment. Retrieving these traits through remote sensing is challenging and often requires calibration with in situ measurements to provide acceptable results. However, calibration data cannot be expected to be available at the operational level when estimating EWT and LMA over large regions. In this study, we assessed the ability of a hybrid retrieval method, consisting of training a random forest regressor (RFR) over the outputs of the discrete anisotropic radiative transfer (DART) model, to yield accurate EWT and LMA estimates depending on the scene modeling within DART and the spectral interval considered. We show that canopy abstractions mostly affect crown reflectance over the 0.75\u20131.3 \u03bcm range. It was observed that excluding these wavelengths when training the RFR resulted in the abstraction level having no effect on the subsequent LMA estimates (RMSE of 0.0019 g\/cm2 for both the detailed and abstract models), and EWT estimates were not affected by the level of abstraction. Over AVIRIS-Next Generation images, we showed that the hybrid method trained with a simplified scene obtained accuracies (RMSE of 0.0029 and 0.0028 g\/cm2 for LMA and EWT) consistent with what had been obtained from the test dataset of the calibration phase (RMSE of 0.0031 and 0.0032 g\/cm2 for LMA and EWT), and the result yielded spatially coherent maps. The results demonstrate that, provided an appropriate spectral domain is used, the uncertainties inherent to the abstract modeling of tree crowns within an RTM do not significantly affect EWT and LMA accuracy estimates when tree crowns can be identified in the images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13163235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1629067887000},"page":"3235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of Modeling Abstractions When Estimating Leaf Mass per Area and Equivalent Water Thickness over Sparse Forests Using a Hybrid Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0428-5034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Miraglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ONERA\/DOTA, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Toulouse, F-31055 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5394-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Huesca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Department, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, 7500-7549 Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6645-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Gastellu-Etchegorry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESBIO\u2014UPS, CNES, CNRS, IRD,  Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 31401 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Schaaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for the Environment, University of Massachussets, Boston, Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 021025, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6514-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karine R. M.","family":"Adeline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ONERA\/DOTA, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Toulouse, F-31055 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan L.","family":"Ustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1229-7396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Briottet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ONERA\/DOTA, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Toulouse, F-31055 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(96)10044-6","article-title":"Plant diversity in mediterranean-climate regions","volume":"11","author":"Cowling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. 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