{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:17:06Z","timestamp":1760235426183,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"World Meteorological Organization (WMO) \/ Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS)","award":["20170888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170888"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drought has significant impacts on the agricultural productivity and well-being of Pacific Island communities. In this study, a user-centred integrated early warning system (I-EWS) for drought was investigated for Papua New Guinea (PNG). The I-EWS combines satellite products (Standardised Precipitation Index and Vegetation Health Index) with seasonal probabilistic forecasting outputs (chance of exceeding median rainfall). Internationally accepted drought thresholds for each of these inputs are conditionally combined to trigger three drought early warning stages\u2014\u201dDROUGHT WATCH\u201d, \u201cDROUGHT ALERT\u201d and \u201cDROUGHT EMERGENCY\u201d. The developed I-EWS for drought was used to examine the evolution of a strong El Ni\u00f1o-induced drought event in 2015 as well as a weaker La Ni\u00f1a-induced dry period in 2020. Examining the evolution of drought early warnings at a provincial level, it was found that tailored warning lead times of 3\u20135 months could have been possible for several impacted PNG provinces. These lead times would enable increasingly proactive drought responses with the potential for prioritised allocation of funds at a provincial level. The methodology utilised within this study uses inputs that are openly and freely available globally which indicates promising potential for adaptation of the developed user-centred I-EWS in other Pacific Island Countries that are vulnerable to drought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13163307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T22:59:27Z","timestamp":1629673167000},"page":"3307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Building Capacity for a User-Centred Integrated Early Warning System for Drought in Papua New Guinea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8323-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Meteorology, Docklands 3008, Australia"},{"name":"SPACE Research Centre, School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}]},{"given":"Yuriy","family":"Kuleshov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Meteorology, Docklands 3008, Australia"},{"name":"SPACE Research Centre, School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Weng","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Meteorology, Docklands 3008, Australia"},{"name":"SPACE Research Centre, School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Meteorology, Docklands 3008, Australia"}]},{"given":"Suelynn","family":"Choy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPACE Research Centre, School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-5838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian (Chayn)","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPACE Research Centre, School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/02508068508686328","article-title":"Understanding: The Drought Phenomenon: The Role of Definitions","volume":"10","author":"Wilhite","year":"1985","journal-title":"Water Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-021-03112-1","article-title":"Historical and Future Drought Impacts in the Pacific Islands and Atolls","volume":"166","author":"Iese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clim. 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