{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T17:13:26Z","timestamp":1765041206193,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001413","name":"Indian Space Research Organisation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OGP134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OGP134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001413","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Information on phenological metrics of individual plant species is meager. Phenological metrics generation for a specific plant species can prove beneficial if the species is ecologically or economically important. Teak, a dominating tree in most regions of the world has been focused on in the present study due to its multiple benefits. Forecasts on such species can attain a substantial improvement in their productivity. MODIS NDVI time series when subjected to statistical smoothing techniques exhibited good output with Tukey\u2019s smoothing (TS) with a low RMSE of 0.042 compared to single exponential (SE) and double exponential (DE). Phenological metrics, namely, the start of the season (SOS), end of the season (EOS), maximum of the season (MAX), and length of the season (LOS) were generated using Tukey-smoothed MODIS NDVI data for the years 2003\u20132004 and 2013\u20132014. Post shifts in SOS and EOS by 14 and 37 days respectively with a preshift of 28 days in MAX were observed in the year 2013\u20132014. Preshift in MAX was accompanied by an increase in greenness exhibiting increased NDVI value.LOS increased by 24 days in the year 2013\u20132014, showing an increase in the duration of the season of teak. Dates of these satellite-retrieved phenological occurrences were validated with ground phenological data calculated using crown cover assessment. The present study demonstrated the potential of a spatial approach in the generation of phenometrics for an individual plant species, which is significant in determining productivity or a crucial trophic link for a given region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13173343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T04:43:43Z","timestamp":1629780223000},"page":"3343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Applicability of Smoothing Techniques in Generation of Phenological Metrics of Tectona grandis L. Using NDVI Time Series Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6259-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramandeep Kaur M.","family":"Malhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecophysiology and RS-GIS Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India"}]},{"given":"G. Sandhya","family":"Kiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecophysiology and RS-GIS Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India"}]},{"given":"Mangala N.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India"}]},{"given":"Nirav V.","family":"Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India"}]},{"given":"Viral H.","family":"Bhavsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-057X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandra Prakash","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380015, Gujarat, India"}]},{"given":"Bimal Kumar","family":"Bhattarcharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380015, Gujarat, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-8774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip A.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}]},{"given":"Shiv","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PLANEX, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380059, Gujarat, India"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"795","article-title":"Retrieval of forest phenological parameters from remote sensing-based NDVI time-series data","volume":"105","author":"Prabakaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. 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