{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T15:07:16Z","timestamp":1773155236293,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant 61971336, 61601341 and 61771367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 61971336, 61601341 and 61771367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program for the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["grant 61525105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 61525105"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","award":["grant 2018JM6060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 2018JM6060"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Innovation Team Project, National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["grant 2017YFF0106600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 2017YFF0106600"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the 111 Project","award":["B18039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B18039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The multivariate range function of the high-speed maneuvering target induces modulations on both the envelop and phase, i.e., the range cell migration (RCM) and Doppler frequency migration (DFM) which degrade the long-time coherent integration used for detection and localization. To solve this problem, many long-time coherent integration methods have been proposed. Based on mechanisms of typical methods, this paper names two signal processing modes, i.e., processing unification (PU) mode and processing separation (PS) mode, and presents their general forms. Thereafter, based on the principle of the PS mode, a novel long-time coherent integration method, known as the generalized dechirp-keystone transform (GDKT), is proposed for radar high-speed maneuvering target detection and localization. The computational cost, energy integration, peak-to-sidelobe level (PSL), resolution, and anti-noise performance of the GDKT are analyzed and compared with those of the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method and keystone transform-dechirp (KTD) method. With mathematical analyses and numerical simulations, we validate two main superiorities of the GDKT, including (1) the statistically optimal anti-noise performance, and (2) the low computational cost. The real radar data is also used to validate the GDKT. It is worthwhile noting that, based on closed analytical formulae of the MLE method, KTD method, and GDKT, several doubts in radar high-speed maneuvering target detection and localization are mathematically interpreted, such as the blind speed sidelobe (BSSL) and the relationship between the PU and PS modes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13173367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T23:25:50Z","timestamp":1629933950000},"page":"3367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Generalized Dechirp-Keystone Transform for Radar High-Speed Maneuvering Target Detection and Localization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jibin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1857-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kangle","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Qing Huo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2004.05.045","article-title":"NASA hypersonic flight demonstrators\u2014Overview, status, and future plans","volume":"55","author":"Moses","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1522","article-title":"Adaptive detection of range spread targets with orthogonal rejection","volume":"47","author":"Farina","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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