{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T13:18:23Z","timestamp":1768828703801,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NSSC19K0195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC19K0195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX16AH13G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX16AH13G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH)","award":["UTEP-01-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UTEP-01-13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Driven by erodible soil, hydrological stresses, land use\/land cover (LULC) changes, and meteorological parameters, windblown dust events initiated from Lordsburg Playa, New Mexico, United States, threaten public safety and health through low visibility and exposure to dust emissions. Combining optical and radar satellite imagery products can provide invaluable benefits in characterizing surface properties of desert playas\u2014a potent landform for wind erosion. The optical images provide a long-term data record, while radar images can observe land surface irrespective of clouds, darkness, and precipitation. As a home for optical and radar imagery, powerful algorithms, cloud computing infrastructure, and application programming interface applications, Google Earth Engine (GEE) is an invaluable resource facilitating acquisition, processing, and analysis. In this study, the fractional abundance of soil, vegetation, and water endmembers were determined from pixel mixtures using the linear spectral unmixing model in GEE for Lordsburg Playa. For this approach, Landsat 5 and 8 images at 30 m spatial resolution and Sentinel-2 images at 10\u201320 m spatial resolution were used. Employing the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques, the playa\u2019s land surface changes and possible sinks for sediment loading from the surrounding catchment area were identified. In this data recipe, a pair of Sentinel-1 images bracketing a monsoon day with high rainfall and a pair of images representing spring (dry, windy) and monsoon seasons were used. The combination of optical and radar images significantly improved the effort to identify long-term changes in the playa and locations within the playa susceptible to hydrological stresses and LULC changes. The linear spectral unmixing algorithm addressed the limitation of Landsat and Sentinel-2 images related to their moderate spatial resolutions. The application of GEE facilitated the study by minimizing the time required for acquisition, processing, and analysis of images, and storage required for the big satellite data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13173402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T21:59:45Z","timestamp":1630447185000},"page":"3402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Combining Optical and Radar Satellite Imagery to Investigate the Surface Properties and Evolution of the Lordsburg Playa, New Mexico, USA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2649-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iyasu G.","family":"Eibedingil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9011-4105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"},{"name":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}]},{"given":"R. Scott","family":"Van Pelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2014Agricultural Research Service, Big Spring, TX 79720, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4255-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Q.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric, Ocean and Earth Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-555X(95)00104-D","article-title":"Eolian sediments generated by anthropogenic disturbance of playas: Human impacts on the geomorphic system and geomorphic impacts on the human system","volume":"17","author":"Gill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Dust storms and ephemeral lakes","volume":"23","author":"Goudie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Desert"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2013.09.013","article-title":"Geomorphic and land cover identification of dust sources in the eastern Great Basin of Utah, U.S.A","volume":"204","author":"Hahnenberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeolia.2011.08.001","article-title":"Geomorphic and land cover characteristics of aeolian dust sources in West Texas and eastern New Mexico, USA","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aeolian Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2007.02.007","article-title":"Dust-raising in the dustiest place on earth","volume":"92","author":"Warren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2000RG000095","article-title":"Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product","volume":"40","author":"Prospero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. 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