{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:53:29Z","timestamp":1769579609312,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institutional Fund Projects by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","award":["IFPRP-245-880-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFPRP-245-880-2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Satellite altimetry sea-level data was taken for nearly three decades (1993\u20132020) and is used to understand the variability and associated dynamics in the Red Sea sea-level. Seasonally, the sea-level is higher during December\u2013January and lower during August, with a consistent pattern from south to north. The interannual fluctuations in sea-level have a close agreement with the variability in the global climate modes, i.e., El-Nino Southern Oscillation events, East Atlantic-West Russian oscillation, and the Indian Ocean Dipole. The impact of the El-Nino Southern Oscillation mode on sea-level is higher than other climate modes. The Red Sea sea-level was seen to rise at a rate of 3.88 mm\/year from 1993\u2013present, which was consistent with the global rate of 3.3 \u00b1 0.5 mm\/year. However, a noticeably faster rate of 6.40 mm\/year was observed in the Red Sea sea-level from 2000-present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13173489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T23:05:12Z","timestamp":1630623912000},"page":"3489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Is the Red Sea Sea-Level Rising at a Faster Rate than the Global Average? An Analysis Based on Satellite Altimetry Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Cheriyeri","family":"Abdulla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Climate Modeling, Department of Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al-Subhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.139","article-title":"Sea Level and Climate: Measurements and Causes of Changes","volume":"2","author":"Cazenave","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. 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