{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T17:58:27Z","timestamp":1774375107486,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NETGP 479720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NETGP 479720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRDPJ 531233-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRDPJ 531233-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is an important water property for lake management. Remote sensing using empirical algorithms has been used to estimate CDOM, with previous studies relying on coordinated field campaigns that coincided with satellite overpass. However, this requirement reduces the maximum possible sample size for model calibration. New satellites and advances in cloud computing platforms offer opportunities to revisit assumptions about methods used for empirical algorithm calibration. Here, we explore the opportunities and limits of using median values of Landsat 8 satellite images across southern Canada to estimate CDOM. We compare models created using an expansive view of satellite image availability with those emphasizing a tight timing between the date of field sampling and the date of satellite overpass. Models trained on median band values from across multiple summer seasons performed better (adjusted R2 = 0.70, N = 233) than models for which imagery was constrained to a 30-day time window (adjusted R2 = 0.45). Model fit improved rapidly when incorporating more images, producing a model at a national scale that performed comparably to others found in more limited spatial extents. This research indicated that dense satellite imagery holds new promise for understanding relationships between in situ CDOM and satellite reflectance data across large areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13183615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T21:48:01Z","timestamp":1631483281000},"page":"3615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multiple Images Improve Lake CDOM Estimation: Building Better Landsat 8 Empirical Algorithms across Southern Canada"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Talia","family":"Koll-Egyed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald-Stewart Building, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4667-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Cardille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Sciences and Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Macdonald-Stewart Building, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliza","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14129","article-title":"Global Change-Driven Effects on Dissolved Organic Matter Composition: Implications for Food Webs of Northern Lakes","volume":"24","author":"Creed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. 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