{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T18:07:52Z","timestamp":1772302072629,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PBS3\/B9\/36\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PBS3\/B9\/36\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/31\/B\/ST8\/03152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/31\/B\/ST8\/03152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Measurements of displacements of bridges under dynamic load are particularly difficult in the case of structures where access to the area under the tested structure is impossible. Then, remote measurement methods are preferred, such as interferometric radar. Interferometric radar has high accuracy when measuring displacement in the direction of its target axis. The problems appear when a bridge vibrates in two directions: horizontal (lateral or longitudinal) and vertical. The use of one radar to measure those vibrations may be impossible. This paper presents the application of a set of two interferometric radars to measure vertical vibration and horizontal longitudinal vibration with high accuracy. The method was positively verified by experimental tests on two railway bridges characterized by different levels of horizontal displacement. The accuracy of the radar measurements was tested by the direct measurement of vertical displacements using inductive gauges. In conclusion, in the case of vertical displacement measurements using one interferometric radar, the influence of horizontal displacements should be excluded. In the case of locating radars at the area of bridge supports, it is necessary to either use a set of two radars or first investigate the magnitude of possible horizontal displacements in relation to vertical displacements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13183668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T21:47:21Z","timestamp":1631656041000},"page":"3668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Integration of Two Interferometric Radars for Measuring Dynamic Displacement of Bridges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0219-4219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Olaszek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Road and Bridge Research Institute, ul. Instytutowa 1, 03-302 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1599-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"\u015awiercz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawi\u0144skiego 5B, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Boscagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDS GeoRadar (Part of Hexagon), Via Augusto Righi, 6, 6A, 8, 56121 Ospedaletto, Pisa, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2254","DOI":"10.1002\/stc.2254","article-title":"Serviceability Assessment for Long-Span Suspension Bridge Based on Deflection Measurements","volume":"25","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Struct. Control. 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