{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T08:03:06Z","timestamp":1776326586770,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Both wheat powdery mildew severities and nitrogen input levels can lead to changes in spectral reflectance, but they have been rarely studied simultaneously for their effect on spectral reflectance. To determine the effects and influences of different nitrogen input levels on monitoring wheat powdery mildew and estimating yield by near-ground hyperspectral remote sensing, Canopy hyperspectral reflectance data acquired at Feekes growth stage (GS) 10.5.3, 10.5.4, and 11.1 were used to monitor wheat powdery mildew and estimate grain yield under different nitrogen input levels during the 2016\u20132017, 2017\u20132018, 2018\u20132019 and 2019\u20132020 seasons. The relationships of powdery mildew and grain yield with vegetation indices (VIs) derived from spectral reflectance data across the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) regions of the spectrum were studied. The relationships of canopy spectral reflectance or first derivative spectral reflectance with powdery mildew did not differ under different nitrogen input levels. However, the dynamics of VIs differed in their sensitivities to nitrogen input levels, disease severity, grain yield, The area of the red edge peak (\u03a3dr680\u2013760 nm) was a better overall predictor for both disease severity and grain yield through linear regression models. The slope parameter estimates did not differ between the two nitrogen input levels at each GSs. Hyperspectral indices can be used to monitor wheat powdery mildew and estimate grain yield under different nitrogen input levels, but such models are dependent on GS and year, further research is needed to consider how to incorporate the growth stage and year-to-year variation into future applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13183753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T22:35:20Z","timestamp":1632263720000},"page":"3753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Monitoring of Wheat Powdery Mildew under Different Nitrogen Input Levels Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0420-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}]},{"given":"Chaofei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Part of North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}]},{"given":"Yuli","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Part of North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}]},{"given":"Jieru","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(71)90080-0","article-title":"Reflectance studies of healthy, maize dwarf mosaic virus-infected, and Helminthosporium maydis-infected corn leaves","volume":"2","author":"Ausmus","year":"1972","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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