{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T03:45:06Z","timestamp":1768967106792,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]],"date-time":"2021-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite high fragmentation and deforestation, little is known about wildlife species richness and occurrence probabilities in tropical dry forest (TDF) landscapes. To fill this gap in knowledge, we used a Sentinel-2-derived land-cover map, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and a multi-species occupancy model to correct for detectability to assess the effect of landscape characteristics on medium and large mammal occurrence and richness in three TDF areas that differ in disturbance and seasonality in Ecuador. We recorded 15 species of medium and large mammals, distributed in 12 families; 1 species is critically Endangered, and 2 are Near-Threatened. The results indicate that species occupancy is related to low forest cover and high vegetation seasonality (i.e., high difference in NDVI between the wet and dry seasons). We believe that the apparent negative effect of forest cover is an indicator of species tolerance for disturbance. The three sampling areas varied from 98% to 40% forest cover, yet species richness and occupancy were not significantly different among them. Vegetation seasonality indicates that more seasonal forests (i.e., those where most tree species lose their leaves during the dry season) tend to have higher mammal species occupancy compared to less seasonal, semi-deciduous forests. Overall, occupancy did not vary between the dry and wet seasons, but species-specific data indicate that some species exhibit higher occupancy during the wet season. This research offers a good understanding of mammal species\u2019 responses to habitat disturbance and fragmentation in TDFs and provides insights to promote their conservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13183762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T22:35:20Z","timestamp":1632263720000},"page":"3762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Landscape Structure and Seasonality: Effects on Wildlife Species Richness and Occupancy in a Fragmented Dry Forest in Coastal Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Haro-Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA"},{"name":"Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"},{"name":"School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Department, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Juliana","family":"Bedoya-Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"},{"name":"School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"},{"name":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ecolog\u00eda Animal, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760021, Colombia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba1289","article-title":"Landscape-Scale Forest Loss as a Catalyst of Population and Biodiversity Change","volume":"368","author":"Daskalova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (2019). 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