{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T15:07:50Z","timestamp":1776784070387,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(No. 61861015 and 61961013)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(No. 61861015 and 61961013)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Frequency diverse array (FDA) radar has attracted much attention due to the angle and range dependence of the beam pattern. Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar has high degrees of freedom (DOF) and spatial resolution. The FDA-MIMO radar, a hybrid of FDA and MIMO radar, can be used for target parameter estimation. This paper investigates a tensor-based reduced-dimension multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method, which is used for target parameter estimation in the FDA-MIMO radar. The existing subspace methods deteriorate quickly in performance with small samples and a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To deal with the deterioration difficulty, the sparse estimation method is then proposed. However, the sparse algorithm has high computation complexity and poor stability, making it difficult to apply in practice. Therefore, we use tensor to capture the multi-dimensional structure of the received signal, which can optimize the effectiveness and stability of parameter estimation, reduce computation complexity and overcome performance degradation in small samples or low SNR simultaneously. In our work, we first obtain the tensor-based subspace by the high-order-singular value decomposition (HOSVD) and establish a two-dimensional spectrum function. Then the Lagrange multiplier method is applied to realize a one-dimensional spectrum function, estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) and reduce computation complexity. The transmitting steering vector is obtained by the partial derivative of the Lagrange function, and automatic pairing of target parameters is then realized. Finally, the range can be obtained by using the least square method to process the phase of transmitting steering vector. Method analysis and simulation results prove the superiority and reliability of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13183772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T22:35:20Z","timestamp":1632263720000},"page":"3772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Tensor-Based Reduced-Dimension MUSIC Method for Parameter Estimation in Monostatic FDA-MIMO Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tengxian","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7476-6656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianpeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5709-703X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4769-3639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7779-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Engineering, Institute of Information Science Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116086, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/79.526899","article-title":"Two decades of array signal processing research: The parametric approach","volume":"13","author":"Krim","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. 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