{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:22:49Z","timestamp":1760235769980,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62073306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) 3D imaging system may suffer from time-varying vibrations which will affect the accuracy of ranging and imaging of a target. The system uses only a single-period FMCW LiDAR signal to measure the range of each spot; however, traditional methods may not work well to compensate for the time-varying vibrations in a single period because they generally assume the vibration velocity is constant. To solve this problem, we propose a time-varying vibration compensation method based on segmented interference. We first derive the impact of time-varying vibrations on the range measurement of the FMCW LiDAR system, in which we divide the time-varying vibration errors into primary errors caused by the vibrations with a constant velocity and quadratic errors. Second, we estimate the coefficients of quadratic vibration errors by using a segmented interference method and build a quadratic compensation filter to eliminate the quadratic vibration errors from the original signals. Finally, we use the symmetrical relations of signals in a triangular FMCW period to estimate the vibration velocity and establish a primary compensation filter to eliminate the primary vibration errors. Numerical tests verify the applicability of this method in eliminating time-varying vibration errors with only a one-period triangular FMCW signal and its superiority over traditional methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13193803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1632780998000},"page":"3803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Time-Varying Vibration Compensation Based on Segmented Interference for Triangular FMCW LiDAR Signals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7385-6171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingnan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Yachao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8823-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Maosheng","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.25.002546","article-title":"Doppler lidar atmospheric wind sensors: A comparative performance evaluation for global measurement applications from earth orbit","volume":"25","author":"Menzies","year":"1986","journal-title":"Appl. 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