{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T22:00:08Z","timestamp":1775772008633,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFC1506403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1506403"]}]},{"name":"the National Foundation of Natural Science of China","award":["No. 41876013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 41876013"]}]},{"name":"he Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR","award":["QNYC2002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNYC2002"]}]},{"name":"the Key R&amp;D Project of Zhejiang Province of China","award":["2021C03186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C03186"]}]},{"name":"the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award":["SL2020MS032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SL2020MS032"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41806021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41806021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laborato-ry (Zhuhai)","award":["311020001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311020001"]}]},{"name":"the CEES Visiting Fellowship Program","award":["CEESRS202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEESRS202001"]}]},{"name":"the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology","award":["LTO2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTO2007"]}]},{"name":"the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction","award":["GASI-IPOVAI-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-IPOVAI-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Four sequential tropical cyclones generated and developed in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWP) in 2014, which had significant impacts on the oceanic environment and coastal regions. Based on a substantial dataset of multiple-satellite observations, Argo profiles, and reanalysis data, we comprehensively investigated the interactions between the oceanic environment and sequential tropical cyclones. Super typhoon Neoguri (2014) was the first typhoon-passing studied area, with the maximum sustained wind speed of 140 kts, causing strong cold wake along the track. The location of the strongest cold wake was consistent with the pre-existing cyclonic eddy (CE), in which the average sea surface temperature (SST) cooling exceeded \u22125 \u00b0C. Subsequently, three tropical cyclones passed the ocean environment left by Neoguri, namely, the category 2 typhoon Matmo (2014), the tropical cyclone Nakri (2014) and the category 5 typhoon Halong (2014), which caused completely different subsequent responses. In the CE, due to the fact that the ocean stratification was strongly destroyed by Neoguri and difficult to recover, even the weak Nakri could cause a secondary response, but the secondary SST cooling would be overridden by the first response and thus could cause no more serious ocean disasters. If the subsequent typhoon was super typhoon Halong, it could cause an extreme secondary SST cooling, exceeding \u22128 \u00b0C, due to the deep upwelling, exceeding 700 m, surpassing the record of the maximum cooling caused by the first typhoon. In the anti-cyclonic eddy (AE), since the first typhoon Neoguri caused strong seawater mixing, it was difficult for the subsequent weak typhoons to mix the deeper, colder and saltier water into the surface, thus inhibiting secondary SST cooling, and even the super typhoon Halong would only cause as much SST cooling as the first typhoon. Therefore, the ocean responses to sequential typhoons depended on not only TCs intensity, but also TCs track order and ocean mesoscale eddies. In turn, the cold wake caused by the first typhoon, Neoguri, induced different feedback effects on different subsequent typhoons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13193805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1632780998000},"page":"3805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Response and Feedback of Ocean Mesoscale Eddies to Four Sequential Typhoons in 2014 Based on Multiple Satellite Observations and Argo Floats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1793-7268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiagen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8155-427X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310000, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China"}]},{"given":"Xiuting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2923-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1981)011<0153:UORTAH>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Upper Ocean Response to a Hurricane","volume":"11","author":"Price","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. 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