{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T10:42:49Z","timestamp":1776076969085,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Science Foundation of China","award":["Grant No. 41671436; 41901354; 41890854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 41671436; 41901354; 41890854"]}]},{"name":"the CAS Earth Big Data Science Project of China","award":["Grant No. XDA19060303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. XDA19060303"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation Project of Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","award":["Grant No. O88RAA01YA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. O88RAA01YA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of remote sensing to monitor coastlines with wide distributions and dynamic changes is significant for coastal environmental monitoring and resource management. However, most current remote sensing information extraction of coastlines is based on the instantaneous waterline, which is obtained by single-period imagery. The lack of a unified standard is not conducive to the dynamic change monitoring of a changeable coastline. The tidal range observation correction method can be used to correct coastline observation to a unified climax line, but it is difficult to apply on a large scale because of the distribution of observation sites. Therefore, we proposed a coastline extraction method based on the remote sensing big data platform Google Earth Engine and dense time-series remote sensing images. Through the instantaneous coastline probability calculation system, the coastline information could be extracted without the tidal range observation data to achieve a unified tide level standard. We took the Malay Islands as the experimental area and analyzed the consistency between the extraction results and the existing high-precision coastline thematic products of the same period to achieve authenticity verification. Our results showed that the coastline data deviated 10 m in proportion to a reach of 40% and deviated 50 m within a reach of 89%. The overall accuracy was kept within 100 m. In addition, we extracted 96 additional islands that have not been included in public data. The obtained multi-phase coastlines showed the spatial distribution of the changing hot regions of the Malay Islands\u2019 coastline, which greatly supported our analysis of the reasons for the expansion and retreat of the coastline in this region. These research results showed that the big data platform and intensive time-series method have considerable potential in large-scale monitoring of coastline dynamic change and island reef change monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13193842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1632780998000},"page":"3842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Monitoring Coastline Changes of the Malay Islands Based on Google Earth Engine and Dense Time-Series Remote Sensing Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3629-5106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaxin","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1643-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Hailiang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6776-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yueming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6570-5931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Ku","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Study on coastline extraction technology","volume":"29","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hydrogr. 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