{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T02:58:52Z","timestamp":1775357932395,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42076189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42076189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFC1407202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1407202"]}]},{"name":"Dragon-4 project","award":["China under Grant 32405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["China under Grant 32405"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Climate change has profoundly affected global ecological security. The most vulnerable region on Earth is the high-latitude Arctic. Identifying the changes in vegetation coverage and glaciers in high-latitude Arctic coastal regions is important for understanding the process and impact of global climate change. Ny-\u00c5lesund, the northern-most human settlement, is typical of these coastal regions and was used as a study site. Vegetation and glacier changes over the past 35 years were studied using time series remote sensing data from Landsat 5\/7\/8 acquired in 1985, 1989, 2000, 2011, 2015 and 2019. Site survey data in 2019, a digital elevation model from 2009 and meteorological data observed from 1985 to 2019 were also used. The vegetation in the Ny-\u00c5lesund coastal zone showed a trend of declining and then increasing, with a breaking point in 2000. However, the area of vegetation with coverage greater than 30% increased over the whole study period, and the wetland moss area also increased, which may be caused by the accelerated melting of glaciers. Human activities were responsible for the decline in vegetation cover around Ny-\u00c5lesund owing to the construction of the town and airport. Even in areas with vegetation coverage of only 13%, there were at least five species of high-latitude plants. The melting rate of five major glaciers in the study area accelerated, and approximately 82% of the reduction in glacier area occurred after 2000. The elevation of the lowest boundary of the five glaciers increased by 50\u201370 m. The increase in precipitation and the average annual temperature after 2000 explains the changes in both vegetation coverage and glaciers in the study period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13193845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1632780998000},"page":"3845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Monitoring Changes to Arctic Vegetation and Glaciers at Ny-\u00c5lesund, Svalbard, Based on Time Series Remote Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Guangbo","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"given":"Jianbu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Peiqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-01145-4_1","article-title":"Ecosystem response, resistance, resilience, and recovery in Arctic landscapes: Introduction","volume":"Volume 120","author":"Reynolds","year":"1996","journal-title":"Landscape Function and Disturbance in Arctic Tundra, Ecological Studies"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2003.10.018","article-title":"Remote sensing of vegetation and land-cover change in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems","volume":"89","author":"Stow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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