{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T01:36:51Z","timestamp":1771983411527,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapid and reliable flood information is crucial for minimizing post-event catastrophes in the complex river basins of the world. The Chenab River basin is one of the complex river basins of the world, facing adverse hydrometeorological conditions with unpredictable hydrologic response. Resultantly, many vicinities along the river undergo destructive inundation, resulting in huge life and economic losses. In this study, Hydrologic Engineering Centre\u2013Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and HEC\u2013River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) models were used for flood forecasting and inundation modeling of the Chenab River basin. The HEC-HMS model was used for peak flow simulation of 2014 flood event using Global Precipitation Mission (GMP) Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals-Final (IMERG-F), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission_Real Time (TRMM_3B42RT), and Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation_Near Real Time (GSMaP_NRT) precipitation products. The calibration and validation of the HEC-RAS model were carried out for flood events of 1992 and 2014, respectively. The comparison of observed and simulated flow at the outlet indicated that IMERG-F has good peak flow simulation results. The simulated inundation extent revealed an overall accuracy of more than 90% when compared with satellite imagery. The HEC-RAS model performed well at Manning\u2019s n of 0.06 for the river and the floodplain. From the results, it can be concluded that remote sensing integrated with HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS models could be one of the workable solutions for flood forecasting, inundation modeling, and early warning. The concept of integrated flood management (IFM) has also been translated into practical implementation for joint Indo-Pak management for flood mitigation in the transboundary Chenab River basin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13193916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:26:20Z","timestamp":1633728380000},"page":"3916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Flood Mitigation in the Transboundary Chenab River Basin: A Basin-Wise Approach from Flood Forecasting to Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5250-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sikandar","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7911-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Cheema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land and Water Conservation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0255-116X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Waqas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9442-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Waseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23460, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7898-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megersa","family":"Leta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8663-5688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usman","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Lahore 53700, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1022-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2823-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resources Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JAMC1611.1","article-title":"Flood fatalities in the United States","volume":"47","author":"Ashley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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