{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T16:26:36Z","timestamp":1776529596735,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although generative adversarial networks (GANs) are successfully applied to diverse fields, training GANs on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is a challenging task due to speckle noise. On the one hand, in a learning perspective of human perception, it is natural to learn a task by using information from multiple sources. However, in the previous GAN works on SAR image generation, information on target classes has only been used. Due to the backscattering characteristics of SAR signals, the structures of SAR images are strongly dependent on their pose angles. Nevertheless, the pose angle information has not been incorporated into GAN models for SAR images. In this paper, we propose a novel GAN-based multi-task learning (MTL) method for SAR target image generation, called PeaceGAN, that has two additional structures, a pose estimator and an auxiliary classifier, at the side of its discriminator in order to effectively combine the pose and class information via MTL. Extensive experiments showed that the proposed MTL framework can help the PeaceGAN\u2019s generator effectively learn the distributions of SAR images so that it can better generate the SAR target images more faithfully at intended pose angles for desired target classes in comparison with the recent state-of-the-art methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13193939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:26:20Z","timestamp":1633728380000},"page":"3939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["PeaceGAN: A GAN-Based Multi-Task Learning Method for SAR Target Image Generation with a Pose Estimator and an Auxiliary Classifier"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1627-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihyong","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}]},{"given":"Munchurl","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2906009","article-title":"Variational textured Dirichlet process mixture model with pairwise con-straint for unsupervised classification of polarimetric SAR images","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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