{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T21:20:29Z","timestamp":1778102429880,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018- 099008-B-C21\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018- 099008-B-C21\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-106808RA-I00 AEI\/FEDER UE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-106808RA-I00 AEI\/FEDER UE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013816","name":"Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement, Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017 SGR 376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 SGR 376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013816","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013816","name":"Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement, Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017 SGR 219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 SGR 219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013816","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural disasters and catastrophes are responsible for numerous casualties and important economic losses. They can be monitored either with in-situ or spaceborne instruments. However, these monitoring systems are not optimal for an early detection and constant monitoring. An optimisation of these systems could benefit from networks of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors on the Earth\u2019s surface, capable of automatically triggering on-demand executions of the spaceborne instruments. However, having a vast amount of sensors communicating at once with one satellite in view also poses a challenge in terms of the medium access layer (MAC), since, due to packet collisions, packet losses can occur. As part of this study, the monitoring requirements for an ideal spatial nodes density and measurement update frequencies of those sensors are provided. In addition, a study is performed to compare different MAC protocols, and to assess the sensors density that can be achieved with each of these protocols, using the LoRa technology, and concluding the feasibility of the monitoring requirements identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13194014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:26:20Z","timestamp":1633728380000},"page":"4014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["On-Demand Satellite Payload Execution Strategy for Natural Disasters Monitoring Using LoRa: Observation Requirements and Optimum Medium Access Layer Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lara","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CommSensLab-UPC, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, UPC BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Network Engineering, UPC BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)-CTE-UPC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan Adria","family":"Ruiz-de-Azua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i2Cat Foundation-Space Communications Research Group, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Calveras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Network Engineering, UPC BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Camps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CommSensLab-UPC, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, UPC BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)-CTE-UPC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Meteorological Organization (2021, June 21). 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