{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T11:49:14Z","timestamp":1774957754165,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013077","name":"National Science and Technology Planning Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the acceleration of urbanization, increasing water pollution means that monitoring and evaluating urban water quality are of great importance. Although highly accurate, traditional evaluation methods are time consuming, laborious, and vastly insufficient in terms of the continuity of spatiotemporal coverage. In this study, a water quality assessment method based on remote sensing reflectance optical classification and the traditional grading principle is proposed. In this method, an optical water type (OWT) library was first constructed using the measured in situ remote sensing reflectance dataset based on fuzzy clustering technology. Then, comprehensive scoring rules were established by combining OWTs and 12 water quality parameters, and water quality was graded into different urban water quality levels (UWQLs) based on the scoring results. Using the proposed method, the relative water quality of urban waterbodies was qualitatively evaluated at the macro level based on images from the multispectral imager of Sentinel-2. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the UWQLs and the water quality index (WQI). These results indicate the potential of this method for quantitative assessment of urban water quality, providing a new way to evaluate water quality using remote sensing algorithms in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13204047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T21:37:49Z","timestamp":1633901869000},"page":"4047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Urban Water Quality Assessment Based on Remote Sensing Reflectance Optical Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Yunmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaboration Invocation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4138-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaohua","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Wuhan 430010, China"}]},{"given":"Huaijing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Xianzhang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Junda","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaboration Invocation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs, C., Klok, L., Bruse, M., Cortes\u00e3o, J., Lenzholzer, S., and Kluck, J. 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