{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T18:02:00Z","timestamp":1784570520727,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract","award":["2017YFA0604100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0604100"]}]},{"name":"The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract","award":["2016YFA0601803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFA0601803"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010212","name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. LTO1902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LTO1902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been reported that global warming results in the increase of globally averaged wave heights. What happened to the global-averaged wave heights during the global warming slowdown period (1999\u20132013)? Using reanalysis products, together with remote sensing and in situ observational data, it was found that the temporal variation pattern of the globally averaged wave heights was similar to the slowdown trend in the increase in global mean surface temperature during the same period. The analysis of the spatial distribution of trends in wave height variation revealed different rates in global oceans: a downward trend in the northeastern Pacific and southern Indian Ocean, and an upward trend in other regions. The decomposition of waves into swells and wind waves demonstrates that swells dominate global wave height variations, which indicates that local sea surface winds indirectly affect the slowdown in the rate of wave height growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13204096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T21:48:39Z","timestamp":1634161719000},"page":"4096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Global Wave Height Slowdown Trend during a Recent Global Warming Slowdown"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Department of Atmosphere and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2233-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian R.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7514-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingsong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1197219","article-title":"Global trends in wind speed and wave height","volume":"332","author":"Young","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-15-0580.1","article-title":"Influence of climate variability on extreme ocean surface wave heights assessed from ERA-Interim and ERA-20C","volume":"29","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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