{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T05:58:47Z","timestamp":1771912727183,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-67-46016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-67-46016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-55-12020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-55-12020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Energetic electron precipitation (EEP) via atmospheric ion production rates is a natural force acting on the atmosphere and climate systems. The correct estimation of EEP ion production and spectra for the computation of ionization rates is an important issue for estimating climate forces. In the present paper, we propose a favorable method for the computation of ionization rates forced by EEP using the new parameterization of ion production and a new spectrum shape, which allow one to take into account the range of precipitating particles from tens of keV to several MeV. A new function of spectral fit will also be helpful in obtaining information about EEP from satellite and balloon observations. Presented here, the parameterization of atmospheric ionization in the Earth\u2019s atmosphere includes a new yield function of isotropically precipitating monoenergetic electrons and ionization via Bremsstrahlung radiation. Look-up tables with ion production\/yield function for isotropically precipitating monoenergetic electrons (30 keV\u20135 MeV) can be easily used for the computation of ionization rates and can further be used by atmospheric and chemistry-climate models for accurate quantification of atmospheric parameters during energetic electron precipitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13204161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T21:31:26Z","timestamp":1634765486000},"page":"4161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ionization in the Earth\u2019s Atmosphere Due to Isotropic Energetic Electron Precipitation: Ion Production and Primary Electron Spectra"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4437-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Mironova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics of Earth, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"given":"Gennadiy","family":"Kovaltsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mishev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Artamonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A00F08","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JA014619","article-title":"Origin of energetic electron precipitation >30 keV into the atmosphere","volume":"115","author":"Lam","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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