{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T21:19:57Z","timestamp":1776287997323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002790","name":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2018-06015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2018-06015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Atlantic Salmon Conservation Foundation","award":["128044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["128044"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000240","name":"New Brunswick Innovation Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["128133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["128133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000240","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Regolith, or unconsolidated materials overlying bedrock, exists as an active zone for many geological, geomorphological, hydrological and ecological processes. This zone and its processes are foundational to wide-ranging human needs and activities such as water supply, mineral exploration, forest harvesting, agriculture, and engineered structures. Regolith thickness, or depth-to-bedrock (DTB), is typically unavailable or restricted to finer scale assessments because of the technical and cost limitations of traditional drilling, seismic, and ground-penetrating radar surveys. The objective of this study was to derive a high-resolution (10 m2) DTB model for the province of New Brunswick, Canada as a case study. This was accomplished by developing a DTB database from publicly available soil profiles, boreholes, drill holes, well logs, and outcrop transects (n = 203,238). A Random Forest model was produced by modeling the relationships between DTB measurements in the database to gridded datasets derived from both a LiDAR-derived digital elevation model and photo-interpreted surficial geology delineations. In developing the Random Forest model, DTB measurements were split 70:30 for model development and validation, respectively. The DTB model produced an R2 = 92.8%, MAE = 0.18 m, and RMSE = 0.61 m for the training, and an R2 = 80.3%, MAE = 0.18 m, and RMSE = 0.66 m for the validation data. This model provides an unprecedented resolution of DTB variance at a landscape scale. Additionally, the presented framework provides a fundamental understanding of regolith thickness across a post-glacial terrain, with potential application at the global scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T21:31:26Z","timestamp":1634765486000},"page":"4210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A High-Resolution, Random Forest Approach to Mapping Depth-to-Bedrock across Shallow Overburden and Post-Glacial Terrain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shane","family":"Furze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3in M.","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Allard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development, Fredericton, NB E3B 5H1, Canada"}]},{"given":"Toon","family":"Pronk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development, Fredericton, NB E3B 5H1, Canada"}]},{"given":"R. Allen","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Fox, D., Gilfillan, A., and Dimmick, L. (2017). The Nature and Properties of Soils, Pearson Education. 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