{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:50:12Z","timestamp":1780487412401,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.336145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.336145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Research Council project \u201cCompetence-Based  Growth  Through  Integrated  Disruptive  Technologies  of  3D  Digitalization,  Robotics,  Geospatial Information and Image Processing\/Computing  \u2013 Point Cloud Ecosystem","award":["No. 314312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 314312"]}]},{"name":"Forest-Human-Machine Interplay - Building Resilience, Redefining Value Networks and Enabling Meaningful Experiences (UNITE)","award":["No. 337656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 337656"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["181811KYSB20160040 XDA22030202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["181811KYSB20160040 XDA22030202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Foundations","award":["No.  18590712600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.  18590712600"]}]},{"name":"Jihua  lab","award":["No.  X190211TE190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.  X190211TE190"]}]},{"name":"Huawei","award":["No. 9424877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 9424877"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital maps of road networks are a vital part of digital cities and intelligent transportation. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review on road extraction based on various remote sensing data sources, including high-resolution images, hyperspectral images, synthetic aperture radar images, and light detection and ranging. This review is divided into three parts. Part 1 provides an overview of the existing data acquisition techniques for road extraction, including data acquisition methods, typical sensors, application status, and prospects. Part 2 underlines the main road extraction methods based on four data sources. In this section, road extraction methods based on different data sources are described and analysed in detail. Part 3 presents the combined application of multisource data for road extraction. Evidently, different data acquisition techniques have unique advantages, and the combination of multiple sources can improve the accuracy of road extraction. The main aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive reference for research on existing road extraction technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T23:27:39Z","timestamp":1634858859000},"page":"4235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Review on Active and Passive Remote Sensing Techniques for Road Extraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4366-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxin","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1229-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsi","family":"Karila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Ahokas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7352-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Khoramshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peilun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"},{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianru","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7863-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tinghuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei Helsinki Research Centre, 00180 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Hyypp\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, 02430 Kirkkonummi, 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