{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:04:45Z","timestamp":1774929885971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KAKENHI (JP20H01997)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI (JP20H01997)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a novel approach to mapping the storage coefficient (Sk) from InSAR-derived surface deformation and S-wave velocity (Vs). We first constructed a 3D Vs model in the Kumamoto area, southwest Japan, by applying 3D empirical Bayesian kriging to the 1D Vs profiles estimated by the surface-wave analysis at 676 measured points. We also used the time series of InSAR deformation and groundwater-level data at 13 well sites covering April 2016 and December 2018 and estimated the Sk of the confined aquifer. The Sk estimated from InSAR, and well data ranged from ~0.03 to 2 \u00d7 10\u22123, with an average of 7.23 \u00d7 10\u22123, values typical for semi-confined and confined conditions. We found a clear relationship between the Sk and Vs at well locations, indicating that the compressibility of an aquifer is related to the stiffness or Vs. By applying the relationship to the 3D Vs model, we succeeded in mapping the Sk in an extensive area. Furthermore, the estimated Sk distribution correlates well with the hydrogeological setting: semi-confined conditions are predicted in the Kumamoto alluvial plain with a high Sk. Our approach is thus effective for estimating aquifer storage properties from Vs, even where limited groundwater-level data are available. Furthermore, we can estimate groundwater-level variation from the geodetic data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T22:24:22Z","timestamp":1635805462000},"page":"4391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mapping Aquifer Storage Properties Using S-Wave Velocity and InSAR-Derived Surface Displacement in the Kumamoto Area, Southwest Japan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8145-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mourad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"},{"name":"International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}]},{"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"},{"name":"International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Ishitsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban Management, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Senna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regional Environment Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02069.x","article-title":"A new method to determine storage coefficient from pumping test recovery data","volume":"34","author":"Banton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Groundwater"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01802.x","article-title":"DISCUSSION OF \u201cEstimation of Storativity from Recovery Data,\u201d by PN Ballukraya and KK Sharma","volume":"30","author":"Bardsley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Groundwater"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01800.x","article-title":"DISCUSSION OF \u201cEstimation of Storativity from Recovery Data\u201d, by PN Ballukraya and KK Sharma","volume":"30","author":"Chapuis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Groundwater"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1029\/TR016i002p00519","article-title":"The relation between the lowering of the piezometric surface and the rate and duration of discharge of a well using ground-water storage","volume":"16","author":"Theis","year":"1935","journal-title":"Eos Trans. 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