{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:30:24Z","timestamp":1760236224014,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Research &amp; Development Program","award":["2020GY-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GY-015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A comprehensive electromagnetic scattering model for ship wakes on the sea surface is proposed to study the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery for ship wakes. Our model considers a coupling of various wave systems, including Kelvin wake, turbulent wake, and the ocean ambient waves induced by the local wind. The fluid\u2013structure coupling between the ship and the water surface is considered using the Reynolds\u2013averaged Navier\u2013Stokes (RANS) equation, and the wave\u2013current effect between the ship wake and wind waves is considered using the wave modulation model. The scattering model can better describe the interaction of the ship wakes on sea surface and illustrates well the features of the ship wakes with local wind waves in SAR images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T21:57:49Z","timestamp":1635976669000},"page":"4417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Electromagnetic Scattering Model for Far Wakes of Ship with Wind Waves on Sea Surface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Letian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Xi\u2019an 710106, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9992-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Xi\u2019an 710106, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1243\/PIME_PROC_1887_038_028_02","article-title":"On ship waves","volume":"38","author":"Thomson","year":"1887","journal-title":"Proc. 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