{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T13:35:27Z","timestamp":1777988127454,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42176011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176011"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2018YFC1406200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1406200"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["ZR2020MD060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020MD060"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["19CX05003A-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19CX05003A-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Significant wave height (SWH) is of great importance in industries such as ocean engineering, marine resource development, shipping and transportation. Haiyang-2C (HY-2C), the second operational satellite in China\u2019s ocean dynamics exploration series, can provide all-weather, all-day, global observations of wave height, wind, and temperature. An altimeter can only measure the nadir wave height and other information, and a scatterometer can obtain the wind field with a wide swath. In this paper, a deep learning approach is applied to produce wide swath SWH data through the wind field using a scatterometer and the nadir wave height taken from an altimeter. Two test sets, 1-month data at 6 min intervals and 1-day data with an interval of 10 s, are fed into the trained model. Experiments indicate that the extending nadir SWH yields using a real-time wide swath grid product along a track, which can support oceanographic study, is superior for taking the swell characteristics of ERA5 into account as the input of the wide swath SWH model. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the wide swath SWH model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T21:57:49Z","timestamp":1635976669000},"page":"4425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acquisition of the Wide Swath Significant Wave Height from HY-2C through Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9230-9974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jichao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4504-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangyu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongli","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2008.07.008","article-title":"The estimation of monthly mean significant wave heights by using artificial neural network and regression methods","volume":"35","author":"Guenaydin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2020.107513","article-title":"Variations in directional wave parameters obtained from data measured using a GNSS buoy","volume":"209","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aosl.2021.100044","article-title":"Comparative analysis of significant wave height between a new Southern Ocean buoy and satellite altimeter","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. 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