{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:53:12Z","timestamp":1767649992308,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Defense, Air Force Office of Scientific Research","award":["FA9550-C-0028, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR 168a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-C-0028, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR 168a"]}]},{"name":"Delaware Sea Grant Project NOAA","award":["SG1011 R\/ECO-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SG1011 R\/ECO-6"]}]},{"name":"Virginia Sea Grant Project","award":["R\/71858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\/71858"]}]},{"name":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Seafloor Sciences Division","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aeolian transport affects beach and foredune pre-storm morphologies, which directly contribute to storm responses. However, significant spatiotemporal variation exists within beach-dune systems regarding how biotic and abiotic factors affect topography. There are multiple metrics for quantifying topographic change, with varying pros and cons, but understanding how a system changes across spatiotemporal scales relative to varying forcings is necessary to accurately model and more effectively manage these systems. Beach and foredune micro- and mesoscale elevation changes (\u0394z) were quantified remotely and in situ across a mid-Atlantic coastal system. The microscale field collections consisted of 27 repeat measurements of 73 elevation pins located in vegetated, transitional, and unvegetated foredune microhabitats over three years (2015 to 2018) during seasonal, event-based, and background wind-condition collections. Unoccupied aerial System (UAS) surveys were collected to link microscale point \u0394z to mesoscale topographic change. Microscale measurements highlight how \u0394z varies more pre- to post-event than seasonally or monthly, but regardless of collection type (i.e., seasonal, monthly, or event-based), there was lower \u0394z in the vegetated areas than in the associated unvegetated and partially vegetated microhabitats. Despite lower \u0394z values per pin measurement, over the study duration, vegetated pins had a net elevation increase of \u224820 cm, whereas transitional and unvegetated microhabitats had much lower change, near-zero net gain. These results support vegetated microhabitats being more stable and having better sediment retention than unvegetated and transitional areas. Comparatively, mesoscale UAS surfaces typically overestimated \u0394z, such that variation stemming from vegetation across microhabitats was obscured. However, these data highlight larger mesoscale habitat impacts that cannot be determined from point measurements regarding volumetric change and feature mapping. Changes in features, such as beach access paths, that are associated with increased dynamism are quantifiable using mesoscale remote sensing methods rather than microscale methods. Regardless of the metric, maintaining baseline data is critical for assessing what is captured and missed across spatiotemporal scales and is necessary for understanding the contributors to heterogeneous topographic change in sandy coastal foredunes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T22:08:41Z","timestamp":1636409321000},"page":"4488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Microscale and Mesoscale Aeolian Processes of Sandy Coastal Foredunes from Background to Extreme Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bianca R.","family":"Charbonneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"US Department of Defense Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8004-1413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Dohner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council, Research Associate Program, Ocean Sciences Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA"},{"name":"College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2021, November 05). 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