{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:43:50Z","timestamp":1776206630691,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42074154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42074154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42074151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42074151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42004106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","award":["YDZJ202101ZYTS020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202101ZYTS020"]}]},{"name":"the \u201cThirteenth Five-Year Plan\u201d Science and Technology Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province","award":["JJKH20201001KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20201001KJ"]}]},{"name":"the Lift Project for Young Science and Technology Talents of Jilin Province","award":["QT202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QT202116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crosshole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is an important tool for a wide range of geoscientific and engineering investigations, and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is a heuristic global optimization method that can be used to solve the inversion problem. In this paper, we use time-lapse GPR full-waveform data to invert the dielectric permittivity. An inversion based on the MCMC method does not rely on an accurate initial model and can introduce any complex prior information. Time-lapse ground-penetrating radar has great potential to monitor the properties of a subsurface. For the time-lapse inversion, we used the double difference method to invert the time-lapse target area accurately and full-waveform data. We propose a local sampling strategy taking advantage of the a priori information in the Monte Carlo method, which can sample only the target area with a sequential Gibbs sampler. This method reduces the calculation and improves the inversion accuracy of the target area. We have provided inversion results of the synthetic time-lapse waveform data that show that the proposed method significantly improves accuracy in the target area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13224530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T23:04:46Z","timestamp":1636671886000},"page":"4530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Full-Waveform Inversion of Time-Lapse Crosshole GPR Data Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shengchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Liguo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangbo","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Shaoyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Xingguo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ndteint.2020.102293","article-title":"An experimental and numerical approach to combine Ground Penetrating Radar and computational modeling for the identification of early cracking in cement concrete pavements","volume":"115","author":"Rasol","year":"2020","journal-title":"NDT E Int."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1366","article-title":"Non-destructive testing for the analysis of moisture in the masonry arch bridge of Lubians (Spain)","volume":"20","author":"Solla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Struct. 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